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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2026.34(2).1016</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-1016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДИНАМИКА И ЗОНАЛЬНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ CD68⁺ МАКРОФАГОВ В ПАХОВОМ ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКОМ УЗЛЕ КРЫСЫ ПРИ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DYNAMICS AND ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF CD68⁺ MACROPHAGES IN THE RAT INGUINAL LYMPH NODE DURING POST-TRAUMATIC REGENERATION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0550-2760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланичева</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lanicheva</surname><given-names>А. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ланичева Альбина Хамитовна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Al'bina Kh. Lanicheva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Docent</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lanichevaa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ланичева А.Х., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ланичева А.Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lanicheva А.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1016">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1016</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Травма мягких тканей инициирует сложный каскад иммунных реакций в регионарных лимфатических узлах (ЛУ). Макрофаги (CD68⁺ клетки) играют ключевую роль в этих процессах.ЦЕЛЬ: изучить закономерности динамики и зонального распределения CD68⁺ макрофагов в паховом ЛУ крысы в различные сроки после травмы мягких тканей.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Эксперимент выполнен на 50 половозрелых крысах-самцах линии Wistar (масса 220–250 г). Моделировали травму мягких тканей бедра. Животных выводили из эксперимента на 1, 3, 7 и 14 сутки после травмы (по 10 особей на каждый срок), контроль (n = 10) – интактные крысы. В ЛУ определяли CD68⁺, CD3⁺, CD19⁺, Ki67⁺, bcl2⁺ и p53⁺ клетки в 8 структурно-функциональных зонах: корковое вещество (КВ), первичные (ПЛУ) и вторичные лимфоидные узелки (ВЛУ), паракортикальная зона (ПКЗ), мозговые тяжи (МТ), субкапсулярный краевой синус (СКС), переузелковый синус (ПУС) и мозговой синус (МС). Статистическую обработку выполняли с использованием непараметрических ме-тодов: критерий Краскела–Уоллиса, критерий Данна, корреляционный анализ Спирмена, тест Джонк-хира–Терпстра, кластерный анализ и множественная регрессия (среда R 4.3.2).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Выявлена гетерогенность динамики CD68⁺ макрофагов в зависимости от зоны лимфа-тического узла. Максимальные изменения зафиксированы в ПКЗ на 3-е и 7-е сутки, после чего начина-лось снижение. В СКС пик также приходился на 3 сутки, при этом на 1 сутки наблюдалось резкое паде-ние количества макрофагов. В МТ максимальная аккумуляция CD68⁺ клеток отмечена на 3 сутки с по-следующей нормализацией к 14 суткам. МС демонстрировал стабильно повышенный уровень CD68 с 3 по 14 сутки. Корреляционный анализ выявил сильные связи CD68 с CD3⁺ T-клетками в ПКЗ (r=0,81; p&lt;0,001) и с CD19⁺ B-клетками в МТ (r=0,77; p&lt;0,001), а также с маркером пролиферации Ki67 (r=0,88 в ПКЗ) и с p53 в СКС (r=0,84; p&lt;0,001). Регрессионная модель подтвердила, что основными предикторами накопления CD68 в ПКЗ являются CD3⁺ клетки (β=0,62; p&lt;0,001) и пролиферирующие лимфоциты (β=0,48; p&lt;0,001). Кластерный анализ разделил зоны на три группы по характеру CD68-динамики: вы-соко- (ПКЗ, СКС), умеренно-реактивные (МТ, МС) и инертные (КВ, ПЛУ и ВЛУ).ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Реакция макрофагов носит строго зональный и фазовый характер. ПКЗ выполняет роль командного центра, где макрофаги кооперируются с T-лимфоцитами для запуска адаптивного иммунного ответа. СКС является «входными воротами», где макрофаги подвергаются апоптозу после антигенного процессинга. МТ выступают эффекторным полем, где макрофаги поддерживают плаз-мобластическую трансформацию B-клеток. Выявленная гетерогенность ответа различных зон лимфа-тического узла подчеркивает их функциональную специализацию и должна учитываться при интер-претации иммуноморфологических изменений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>INTRODUCTION. Soft tissue trauma initiates a complex cascade of immune responses in regional lymph nodes (LNs). Macrophages (CD68⁺ cells) play a key role in these processes.OBJECTIVE. To identify patterns in the dynamics and zonal distribution of CD68⁺ macrophages in the rat in-guinal LN at various time points after soft tissue injury.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The experiment was performed on 50 mature male Wistar rats (weight 220–250 g). A model of soft tissue injury to the thigh was used. Animals were euthanized on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after trauma (10 animals per time point), with the control group (n=10) consisting of intact rats. In the LNs, CD68⁺, CD3⁺, CD19⁺, Ki67⁺, bcl-2⁺, and p53⁺ cells were detected in 8 structural and functional zones: cortex (C), pri-mary lymphoid nodules (PLN), secondary lymphoid nodules (SLN), paracortical zone (PCZ), medullary cords (MC), subcapsular marginal sinus (SMS), perinodular sinus (PNS), and medullary sinus (MS). Statistical analy-sis was performed using nonparametric methods: Kruskal–Wallis test, Dunn's test, Spearman's correlation analysis, Jonckheere–Terpstra test, cluster analysis, and multiple regression (R environment 4.3.2).RESULTS. Heterogeneity in the dynamics of CD68⁺ macrophages was revealed depending on the LN zone. Maximum changes were recorded in the PCZ on days 3 and 7, followed by a subsequent decrease. In the SMS, the peak also occurred on day 3, with a sharp drop in macrophage count observed on day 1, likely related to their migration deeper into the node. In the MC, maximal accumulation of CD68⁺ cells were noted on day 3, with subsequent normalization by day 14. The MS demonstrated a consistently elevated level of CD68 from day 3 to day 14. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations of CD68 with CD3⁺ T cells in the PCZ (r=0.81; p&lt;0.001) and with CD19⁺ B cells in the MC (r=0.77; p&lt;0.001), as well as with the proliferation marker Ki67 (r=0.88 in the PCZ) and with p53 in the SMS (r=0.84; p&lt;0.001). The regression model confirmed that the main predictors of CD68 accumulation in the PCZ were CD3⁺ cells (β=0.62; p&lt;0.001) and proliferating lympho-cytes (β=0.48; p&lt;0.001). Cluster analysis divided the zones into three groups according to the pattern of CD68 dynamics: highly reactive (PCZ, SMS), moderately reactive (MC, MS), and inert (C, PLN, and SLN).CONCLUSION. The macrophage response exhibits a strictly zonal and phase-dependent pattern. The PCZ functions as a command center where macrophages cooperate with T lymphocytes to initiate the adaptive immune response. The SMS serves as the «entry gate», where macrophages undergo apoptosis after antigen processing. The MC acts as an effector field where macrophages support plasmablastic transformation of B cells. The revealed heterogeneity in the response of different LN zones underscores their functional speciali-zation and should be considered when interpreting immunomorphological changes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>CD68</kwd><kwd>лимфатический узел</kwd><kwd>крыса</kwd><kwd>травма</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>CD68</kwd><kwd>lymph node</kwd><kwd>rat</kwd><kwd>trauma</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Lymphatic endothelial cells of the lymph node. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Sep;20(9):566-578. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0281-x. Epub 2020 Feb 24. 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Available from: https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/66/c6/cd/e7525fdc63c260/RU2807925C1.pdf (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
