morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2026.34(2).1029morpho-1029Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSМОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЛИМФОИДНОЙ ТКАНИ БОЛЬШОГО САЛЬНИКАMORPHOLOGOCAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HUMAN GREATER OMENTUM LYMPHOID TISSUEhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-6543-6801СолдатоваС. Н.SoldatovaS. N.

Солдатова Сардана Нюргустановна, аспирант

Якутск

Sardana N. Soldatova, postgraduate student, department of Human Anatomy

Yakutsk

dana.sold@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-0109ГармаеваД. К.GarmaevaD. K.

Гармаева Дарима Кышектовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор

Якутск

Darima K. Garmaeva, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

Yakutsk

dari66@mail.ruСеверо-восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. АммосоваРоссияM.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal UniversityRussian Federation2026300720263424956Copyright © Солдатова С.Н., Гармаева Д.К., 20262026Солдатова С.Н., Гармаева Д.К.Soldatova S.N., Garmaeva D.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1029

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В настоящее время, в связи с запросами практической медицины (абдоминальной, тора-кальной, гинекологической, реконструктивно-пластической хирургии, онкологии), изучение морфоло-гии, пластичности, реактивных и адаптивных функций большого сальника сохраняет свою актуаль-ность. В литературе скопления лимфоидных структур в большом сальнике получили название «млеч-ные пятна». Поскольку большой сальник является частым местом метастатического поражения, изуче-ние его иммунных (лимфоидных) структур имеет особую значимость.ЦЕЛЬ: обзор зарубежной и отечественной научной литературы, посвященной млечным пятнам боль-шого сальника, представляющих собой важный компонент иммунного надзора в брюшной полости.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Включали систематический обзор отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы и анализ собранных данных. Для проведения анализа были отобраны публикации, охваты-вающие клинические наблюдения, патоморфологические исследования и данные о взаимосвязи млеч-ных пятен с различными заболеваниями.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Исследования показывают, что лимфоидные скопления активно участвуют в иммунном ответе, обеспечивая защиту от инфекций и воспалительных процессов. Микроструктура этих образо-ваний включает разнообразные клеточные компоненты, среди которых можно выделить лимфоциты, макрофаги и дендритные клетки, которые взаимодействуют друг с другом, формируя сложные меха-низмы иммунного ответа. Биологические свойства сальника включают неоваскуляризацию, гемостаз, заживление и регенерацию тканей, а также как инкубатор in vivo для культивирования клеток и тка-ней. Морфологические исследования, проведенные на различных моделях, подтверждают значимость млечных пятен в поддержании гомеостаза и развитии патогенеза различных заболеваний. Обсуждаются возможные патогенетические механизмы, которые могут повлиять на функцию данных образований.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Данная работа подчеркивает важность дальнейших исследований для полного пони-мания роли млечных пятен в процессе иммунной активности и их клинического значения.

INTRODUCTION. Currently, driven by the demands of clinical medicine (abdominal, thoracic, gynecological, plastic and reconstructive surgery, oncology), the study of the morphology, plasticity, reactive and adaptive functions of the greater omentum remains highly relevant. In the literature, these lymphoid aggregates in the greater omentum are commonly referred to as milky spots. Inasmuch as the greater omentum represents a common site of metastatic dissemination, the investigation of its lymphoid structures is of paramount im-portance.OBJECTIVE: a review of the foreign and national scientific literature on the milky spots of the greater omen-tum, which are an important component of immune surveillance within the peritoneal cavity.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved a systematic review of the foreign and national scientific literature followed by a comprehensive analysis of the compiled data. Publications covering clinical observa-tions, pathological studies, and data on the relationship between milky spots and various pathologies were se-lected for the analysis.RESULTS. Current research demonstrates that lymphoid aggregates are actively involved in the immune re-sponse, providing defense against infections and inflammatory processes. The microstructure of these aggre-gates comprises a variety of cellular components, among which lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells predominate interacting to drive complex mechanisms of the immune response. The greater omentum has unique biological properties including neovascularization, hemostasis, tissue healing and regeneration, while also serving as an in vivo incubator for cell and tissue cultivation. Morphological studies conducted on various models confirm the importance of milky spots in maintaining homeostasis and their involvement in the path-ogenesis of different diseases. Potential pathogenic mechanisms that may affect the function of these aggre-gates are discussed.CONCLUSION. This work underscores the critical need for further research to fully understand the role of milky spots in immune responses and to evaluate their clinical significance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.