morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2026.34(2).1032morpho-1032Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSМОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕМАТОЭНЦЕФАЛИЧЕСКОГО БАРЬЕРА ПРИ АУТИЗМЕMORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN AUTISMhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8380БаландинА. А.BalandinA. A.

Баландин Анатолий Александрович, доктор медицинских наук

Пермь

Anatoliy A. Balandin, Doctor of Medical Science

Perm

balandinnauka@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-1741-1316КобелеваА. С.KobelevaA. S.

Кобелева Анна Сергеевна, методист кафедры анатомии человека

Пермь

Anna S. Kobeleva

Perm

a.s.kobelevaa@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-9066БаландинаИ. А.BalandinaI. A.

Баландина Ирина Анатольевна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой анатомии человека

Пермь

Irina A. Balandina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

Perm

balandina_ia@mail.ruПермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. ВагнераРоссияAcademician Vagner Perm State Medical UniversityRussian FederationПермский государственный медицинский университет им. академика Е.А. ВагнераРоссияAcademician Vagner Perm State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2026300720263424148Copyright © Баландин А.А., Кобелева А.С., Баландина И.А., 20262026Баландин А.А., Кобелева А.С., Баландина И.А.Balandin A.A., Kobeleva A.S., Balandina I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1032

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Аутизм – это сложный комплексный диагноз, обусловленный нарушением развития нерв-ной системы, характеризующийся стойким дефицитом социальной коммуникации и социального вза-имодействия в различных контекстах. Согласно статистике, за последние несколько десятилетий рас-пространенность аутизма выросла. Данное положение дел ставит перед учеными необходимость более детального изучения факторов возникновения аутизма. Несмотря на важность гематоэнцефалического барьера (ГЭБ), его механобиология при аутизме остается в фокусе исследований. Систематизация дан-ных знаний позволит усовершенствовать инновационные подходы к дальнейшему изучению этого расстроства для более качественной диагностики и индивидуального подхода к пациентам с аутизмом в клинической практике.ЦЕЛЬ: провести анализ современной научной литературы, посвященной исследованию морфофункци-ональных особенностей ГЭБ при аутизме для систематизации накопленных знаний и понимая этиопа-тогенетических нюансов этого заболевания.МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Поиск информации для создания данного обзора производился по базам научной литературы библиотеки eLibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed и Springer Nature.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Рассмотрен вопрос о морфофункциональных изменениях гематоэнцефалического ба-рьера при аутизме. Проанализированные публикации показывают, что установлены многофакторные изменения в разных функциональных звеньях ГЭБ. Среди многих прочих стоит выделить наиболее важные – это повреждение эндотелия, системное нейровоспаление с массивным высвобождением ме-диаторов, окислительный стресс, нервно-сосудистое поражение и миграция иммунных клеток.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. При анализе источников научной литературы становится очевидным, что в знаниях об изменениях и дисфункции ГЭБ в роли этиопатогенеза аутизма достигнут ощутимый прогресс. Систе-матизация и структурирование полученных научных данных позволили установить сложные много-факторные изменения в разных функциональных звеньях ГЭБ. Несомненно, что для ГЭБ при аутизме характерны: изменная избирательная проницаемость межэндотелиальных контактов в стенке микро-сосудов, дисфункция астроглии и микроглии, дефицит незаменимых аминокислот, поступающих в го-ловной мозг.

INTRODUCTION. Autism is a complex complex diagnosis caused by impaired development of the nervous system, characterized by a persistent deficit of social communication and social interaction in various contexts. According to statistics, the prevalence of autism has increased over the past few decades. This state of affairs makes it necessary for scientists to study the factors of autism in more detail. Despite the importance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its mechanobiology in autism remains the focus of research. The systematization of this knowledge will allow us to improve innovative approaches to further study of this disorder for better diagnosis and individual approach to patients with autism in clinical practice.OBJECTIVE to analyze the modern scientific literature devoted to the study of the morphofunctional features of BBB in autism in order to systematize the accumulated knowledge and understanding the etiopathogenetic nuances of this disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The information for the creation of this review was searched through the scientific literature databases of the library eLibrary, Google Scholar, PubMed and Springer Nature.Results and discussion. The issue of morphofunctional changes in the blood-brain barrier in autism is considered. The analyzed publications show that multifactorial changes have been established in various functional links of the blood-brain barrier. Among many others, the most important are endothelial damage, systemic neuroinflammation with massive release of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, neurovascular damage, and migration of immune cells.CONCLUSION. When analyzing the sources of scientific literature, it becomes obvious that significant progress has been made in knowledge about changes and dysfunction of the BBB in the role of the etiopathogenesis of autism. The systematization and structuring of the scientific data obtained made it possible to establish complex multifactorial changes in various functional links of the BBB. Undoubtedly, BBB in autism is characterized by reduced selectivity, but along with this, violations of intercellular contacts in endothelial cells, dysfunction of astroglia and microglia, as well as the lack of constant supply of essential amino acids from the periphery to the brain tissues were revealed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.