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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2026.34(3).964</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-1082</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ГЛИАЛЬНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ   ПРИ СОСУДИСТОЙ ДЕМЕНЦИИ И БОЛЕЗНИ АЛЬЦГЕЙМЕРА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GLIAL CHANGES IN VASCULAR  DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-6107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнеева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneeva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнеева Марина Александровна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Korneeva, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Docent</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mari.derewianko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-1945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семеник</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenik</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семеник Ирина Александровна, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Semenik, Candidate of Biological Sciences</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina.derewianko@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-3656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябцева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabtseva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рябцева Светлана Николаевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Ryabtseva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Docent</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveta.rjabceva@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-9726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеботарь</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebotar'</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеботарь Анастасия Олеговна</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya O. Chebotar'</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia.parashchenko99@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4126-7476</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермоченко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermochenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермоченко Виктория Александровна, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoriya A. Ermochenko, Candidate of Medical Sciences</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viker2503@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9479-2288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Недзьведь</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nedz'ved'</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Недзьведь Михаил Константинович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail K. Nedz'ved', Candidate of Medical Sciences, Professor</p><p>Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikhail_nedzvedz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физиологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городское клиническое патологоанатомическое бюро</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Bureau of Pathological Anatomy</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>964</fpage><lpage>964</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнеева М.А., Семеник И.А., Рябцева С.Н., Чеботарь А.О., Ермоченко В.А., Недзьведь М.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнеева М.А., Семеник И.А., Рябцева С.Н., Чеботарь А.О., Ермоченко В.А., Недзьведь М.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korneeva M.A., Semenik I.A., Ryabtseva S.N., Chebotar' A.O., Ermochenko V.A., Nedz'ved' M.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1082">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1082</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Актуальность исследования деменции обусловлена нарастающей частотой встречаемости и отсутствием достаточно эффективных методов лечения. Традиционно внимание специалистов уделялось нейронам, как основным «мишеням» данной патологии. Однако современные исследования показывают, что глия играет ключевую роль в патогенезе деменций различного генеза. Комплексное изучение взаимодействия нейронов и клеток глии открывает новые подходы в терапии и изучении патогенеза деменций различного генеза. </p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: сравнительная оценка взаимодействий нейронов, глиальных клеток, их качественный и количественный состав в неокортексе пациентов, страдавших болезнью Альцгеймера и сосудистой деменцией. </p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ И МАТЕРИАЛЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ И МАТЕРИАЛЫ. Морфологическое исследование проведено на аутопсийном материале. Гистологические препараты фрагментов вещества лобной доли правого полушария головного мозга пациентов окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином. Для визуализации клеток микроглии использовали моноклональные кроличьи антитела к антигену Iba-1, астроцитов – моноклональные мышиные антитела к антигену GFAP. </p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В ходе исследования установлено, что для пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера была характерна более выраженная микроглиальная реакция, у пациентов с сосудистой деменцией – более выраженная астроцитарная реакция вещества головного мозга. Следовательно, патогенетические механизмы нейродегенеративного процесса при болезни Альцгеймера реализуются посредством активации микроглии и снижением нейропротекторной функции астроцитов. </p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Астроцитарная реакция неокортекса головного мозга пациентов с сосудистой деменцией морфологически может быть расценена проявление как нейропротекторной, так и нейротоксической реакции, он сопровождается последующей активацией микроглии. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The study of dementia is of growing importance due to its increasing prevalence and the lack of sufficiently effective treatments. While research traditionally focused on neurons as the primary targets of this pathology, modern studies demonstrate that glia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various types of dementia. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of neuron-glial interactions opens up new approaches to understanding the pathogenesis of dementia and developing potential therapies.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of neuronal and glial interactions, as well as their qualitative and quantitative composition, in the neocortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. A morphological examination was performed on autopsy material. Tissue samples from the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. To visualize microglial cells, immunohistochemical analysis was performed using rabbit monoclonal antibodies to the Iba-1 antigen, while mouse monoclonal antibodies to the GFAP antigen were used to visualize astrocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The study revealed that patients with Alzheimer's disease were characterized by a more pronounced microglial response, whereas patients with vascular dementia exhibited a more prominent astrocytic reaction in the brain tissue. The pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease involved microglia activation and a decline in the neuroprotective function of astrocytes.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The astrocytic reaction in the neocortex of patients with vascular dementia exhibited a dual nature: alongside its neuroprotective effects, it exerted a neurotoxic impact by activating reactive microglia. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>астроциты</kwd><kwd>сосудистая деменция</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>astrocytes</kwd><kwd>vascular dementia</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng HW A, Callis TB, Montgomery AP et al. 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