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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2026.34(3).965</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-1083</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ ФОТОПЕРИОДА НА СЕРОТОНИНСОДЕРЖАЩИЕ КЛЕТКИ  И ИНВОЛЮЦИЮ ТИМУСА У МЫШЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD ON SEROTONIN-CONTAINING CELLS   IN THE MOUSE THYMUS DURING INVOLUTION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-0985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лузикова</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzikova</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лузикова Елена Михайловна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena M. Luzikova, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Docent</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nema76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0332-4107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснова Вера Витальевна, студентка</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera V. Krasnova, Studentin</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krasver2003@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5514-8682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьев</surname><given-names>К. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leont'ev</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонтьев Константин Денисович, студент</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin D. Leont'ev, Student</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">con.leontjev2014@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8432-2360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лошков</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loshkov</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лошков Константин Евгеньевич, студент</p><p>Чебоксары</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin E. Loshkov, Student</p><p>Cheboksary</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">costa-l182@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ulyanov Chuvash State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>965</fpage><lpage>965</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лузикова Е.М., Краснова В.В., Леонтьев К.Д., Лошков К.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лузикова Е.М., Краснова В.В., Леонтьев К.Д., Лошков К.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Luzikova E.M., Krasnova V.V., Leont'ev K.D., Loshkov K.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1083">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/1083</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В современном мире под влиянием среды нарушаются древние биологические механизмы синхронизации суточных биологических ритмов у млекопитающих. Результатом этого нарушения является состояние десинхроноза. Нарушение работы серотонинпродуцирующих клеток тимуса может увеличивать риск развития иммунодефицитных состояний, онкологических заболеваний. Механизмы взаимодействий серотонинпродуцирующих клеток и лимфоцитов в условиях естественной смены темновой и световой фаз в ритме свет/темнота и в условиях отсутствия этого ритма мало изучены. </p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Изучение влияния фотопериода на серотонинсодержащие клетки и инволюцию тимуса. </p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В эксперименте использованы мыши в возрасте 3 недель с массой тела  18–20 г. Животные были разделены на три группы по 20 мышей: первую группу содержали в условиях естественного фотопериода, вторую – в условиях постоянного затемнения, третью – в условиях постоянного освещения в течение 4 недель. Иммуноцитохимическую реакцию на серотонин использовали для выявления серотонинсодержащих клеток тимуса. Ядра окрашивали DAPI (Dianova, Германия) для подсчета лимфоцитов. Для каждого среза выполняли измерения не менее чем в 10 полях зрения. Подсчет оптической плотности вещества осуществляли в программе Sigma Scan Pro 5 в 100 клетках по каждой экспериментальной группе. Статистический анализ обработки полученных данных проводили с использованием Microsoft Оffice® Excel 2010 и Statistica 10.0. Использовали критерии Манна – Уитни и Краскела – Уоллиса. Факторный анализ, применялся для изучения взаимосвязей между количеством серотонинсодержащих клеток, оптической плотностью сертонина и площадью инволюции тимуса. </p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Постоянное освещение приводит к увеличению количества серотонинпродуцирующих клеток в кортико-медуллярных зонах долек тимуса в 1,7 раза (p = 0,011) и серотонинпоглощающих клеток коркового вещества долек тимуса в 1,6 раза (p = 0,001). Постоянное освещение приводит к увеличению оптической плотности серотонина в лимфоцитах коркового вещества долек и уменьшению числа лимфоцитов. Многомерный факторный анализ показал наличие сильной факторной нагрузки между числом серотонин-позитивных клеток, содержанием серотонина в них и в лимфоцитах и площадью инволюции тимуса.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Результаты позволяют установить, что постоянное освещение приводит к увеличению числа серотонин-позитивных клеток и к накоплению серотонина в окружающих клетки диффузной эндокринной системы лимфоцитах и, как следствие, к значительному увеличению площади инволюции тимуса. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. In the modern world, ancient biological mechanisms that synchronize circadian rhythms are increasingly being disrupted. The disruption of these biorhythms leads to depression, decreased immunity, and consequently, to neurological, autoimmune, endocrine, and oncological diseases. However, the mechanisms of interaction between serotonin-producing cells and lymphocytes–both under a natural light/dark cycle and in its absence–remain poorly understood.</p></sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title><p>OBJECTIVE. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different photoperiods on serotonin-containing cells of the diffuse endocrine system and on thymus involution.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three-week-old mice weighing 18–20 g were divided into three groups of 20 animals each. The first group was maintained under natural photoperiod conditions (9/15 light/dark), the second under constant darkness (0/24), and the third under constant illumination (24/0) for 4 weeks. An immunocytochemical reaction for serotonin was used to detect serotonin-containing thymus cells. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Dianova, Germany) to count lymphocytes. The optical density of the reaction product was measured in 500 cells per experimental group using SigmaScan Pro 5 software.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. Constant illumination led to a 1.7-fold increase in the number of serotonin-producing cells at the corticomedullary border and a 1.6-fold increase in serotonin-absorbing cells in the cortex of the thymic lobules. Furthermore, constant illumination resulted in an increased optical density of serotonin in cortical lymphocytes, accompanied by a decrease in the total lymphocyte count. Multivariate factor analysis revealed a strong factor loading between the number of serotonin-positive cells and their serotonin content.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The findings demonstrate a clear relationship between the number of serotonin-containing cells, the area of thymus involution, and the duration of photoperiod exposure. In the modern world, ancient biological mechanisms of synchronization of circadian biological rhythms are being disrupted. Violation of the body's biorhythms leads to depression, decreased immunity and, as a result, to neurological, autoimmune, endocrine and oncological diseases. The mechanisms of interaction between serotonin-producing cells and lymphocytes under conditions of a natural change of dark and light phases in the light/dark rhythm and in the absence of this rhythm are poorly studied.  </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>диффузная эндокринная система</kwd><kwd>фотопериод</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>diffuse endocrine system</kwd><kwd>photoperiod</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanarskiy MM, Nekrasova JuJu, Kurova NA, Redkin IV. Mekhanizmy reguljatsii tsirkadnykh ritmov u cheloveka. Fiziologija cheloveka. 2022;48(3):107–119. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0131164622020096. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanarskiy MM, Nekrasova JuJu, Kurova NA, Redkin IV. 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