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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(2):55-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-433</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ МОРФОЛОГИИ ТИМУСА КРЫС ПРИ ИНДУЦИРОВАНИИ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ N-МЕТИЛ-N-НИТРОЗОМОЧЕВИНОЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FEATURES OF RAT THYMUS MORPHOLOGY AT THE INDUCTION OF THE BREAST CANCER BY N-METHYL-N-NITROSOUREA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котелкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotyolkina</surname><given-names>Anastasiya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии с оперативной хирургией</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy with Operative Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ds6426@chebnet.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меркулова</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Merkulova</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии с оперативной хирургией</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy with Operative Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">merkulova192@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кострова</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostrova</surname><given-names>Ol'ga Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инструментальной диагностики с курсом фтизиатрии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Dozent, Associate Professor of the Department of Instrumental Diagnostics with a Course of Phthisiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evkbiz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стручко</surname><given-names>Глеб Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Struchko</surname><given-names>Gleb Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии с оперативной хирургией</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Full Professor, Professor of the Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy with Operative Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glebstr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Москвичев</surname><given-names>Евгений Васильевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskvichev</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии с оперативной хирургией</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy with Operative Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moskvichev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стоменская</surname><given-names>Ирина Станиславовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stomenskaya</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры инструментальной диагностики с курсом фтизиатрии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Dozent, Associate Professor of the Department of Instrumental Diagnostics with a Course of Phthisiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mar3007@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова, Чебоксары</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Котелкина А.А., Меркулова Л.М., Кострова О.Ю., Стручко Г.Ю., Москвичев Е.В., Стоменская И.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котелкина А.А., Меркулова Л.М., Кострова О.Ю., Стручко Г.Ю., Москвичев Е.В., Стоменская И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotyolkina A.A., Merkulova L.M., Kostrova O.Y., Struchko G.Y., Moskvichev E.V., Stomenskaya I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/433">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/433</self-uri><abstract><p>Иммунная система в целом занимает ведущее значение в формировании адекватного иммунного ответа при возникновении и развитии опухолей. Цель исследования - выявить особенности изменения морфологии и содержания биогенных аминов в тимусе крыс при экспериментальном канцерогенезе рака молочной железы путем введения N-метил-N-нитрозомочевины. В работе использованы люминесцентно-гистохимические, общегистологические и иммуногистохимические методы исследования, которые позволили получить важную информацию о функциональной активности клеточных элементов тимуса, количественном составе макрофагов, дендритных клеток, лимфоцитов и о качественной характеристике тучных клеток. Эксперимент выполнен на 85 белых нелинейных крысах-самках, которым вводили канцероген N-метил-N-нитрозомочевину, индуцирующий опухоль молочной железы. Животные были разделены на две группы: интактные (n=30) и крысы, которым вводили канцероген (n=45). Структуру тимуса исследовали через 1, 2 и 3 месяца после окончания инъекций. В ходе исследования отмечаются изменения морфометрических показателей органа. Через месяц после введения препарата увеличивается площадь мозгового и толщина коркового вещества, которые с увеличением срока исследования уменьшаются. Замещение паренхимы тимуса жировой и соединительной тканью начинается уже через 2 месяца и прогрессирует с увеличением срока исследования. Выявлена тенденция к волнообразным изменениям биогенных аминов, через 1 месяц наблюдается достоверный рост уровня гистамина и снижение серотонина и катехоламинов, через 2 месяца увеличение всех биогенных аминов, особенно гистамина (в 1,5 и более раз) в премедуллярных и тучных клетках, тимоцитах коркового вещества. Через 3 месяца, напротив, отмечается снижение гистамина и возрастание уровня моноаминов. Соотношение (серотонин+гистамин)/катехоламины через 1 месяц свидетельствует о снижении функциональной активности тимуса, а через 3 месяца - об ее увеличении. На всех сроках исследования преобладают дегранулированные формы тучных клеток. В динамике эксперимента выявлен рост числа дендритных клеток, лимфоцитов, и, вдвое числа макрофагов и Bcl-2+клеток. Полученные в ходе исследования данные позволили предположить, что введение N-метил-N-нитрозомочевины и последующее развитие опухоли молочной железы отражается на изменении морфофункционального состояния тимуса. При этом наибольшие изменения наблюдались через 2 месяца после окончания введения канцерогена еще до формирования опухоли молочной железы. Полученные данные могут иметь определенное значение при определении иммунного статуса в моделях экспериментального канцерогенеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The immune system as a whole plays a leading role in the formation of an adequate immune response during the onset and development of tumors. The aim of the study was to reveal the features of the change in the morphology and level of biogenic amines of the thymus of rats during experimental carcinogenesis of breast cancer by the injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. In the work used luminescence-histochemical, general histological and immunohistochemical methods, which made it possible to obtain important information about the functional activity of the cellular elements of the thymus, the quantitative composition of macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes and the qualitative characteristics of mast cells. The experiment was carried out on 85 white nonlinear female rats, which were injected with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, which induces a breast tumor. Animals were divided into two groups: intact (n=30) and rats injected with a carcinogen (n=45). The thymus structure was examined 1, 2, and 3 months after the end of the injections. During the study, changes in the morphometric parameters of the organ are noted. A month after the injection of the drug, the area of the medulla of the thymus and the thickness of the cortex substance of the organ increases, which decrease with an increase in the study period. Replacement of the thymus parenchyma with adipose and connective tissue begins after 2 months and progresses with an increase in the study period. A tendency to wavelike changes in biogenic amines was revealed, after 1 month there is a significant increase in the level of histamine and a decrease in serotonin and catecholamines, after 2 months an increase in all biogenic amines, especially histamine (1.5 times or more) in premedullary and mast cells, thymocytes of the cortex. After 3 months, on the contrary, there is a decrease in histamine and an increase in the level of monoamines. The ratio (serotonin+histamine)/catecholamines after 1 month indicate a decrease in the functional activity of the thymus, and after 3 months - about its increase. At all stages of the study, degranulated forms of mast cells predominate. In the dynamics of the experiment, an increase in the number of dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and twice the number of macrophages and Bcl-2+cells was revealed. The data obtained in the course of the study suggested that the introduction of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and the subsequent development of a breast tumor is reflected in the change in the morphofunctional state of the thymus. In this case, the greatest changes were observed 2 months after the end of the administration of the carcinogen, even before the formation of a breast tumor. The data obtained can have a certain value in determining the immune status in models of experimental carcinogenesis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>биогенные амины</kwd><kwd>экспериментальный канцерогенез</kwd><kwd>N-метил-N-нитрозомочевина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>biogenic amines</kwd><kwd>experimental carcinogenesis</kwd><kwd>N-methyl-N-nitrosourea</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tjuljandin S.A., Zhukov N.V. Pravda o rossijskoj onkologii: problemy i vozmozhnye reshenija, pod redakciej.: M.: Obshherossijskaja obshhestvennaja organizacija «Rossijskoe obshhestvo klinicheskoj onkologii», 2018. 28s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tjuljandin S.A., Zhukov N.V. 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