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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(1):16-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-434</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпикард как биологический фильтр сердца</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The epicardium as a biological filter of the heart</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марков Игорь Иванович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, советник ректора</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">markov.ii@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Валерия Игоревна, ассистент кафедры морфологии и патологии</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">markovavaleria64@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малыхина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malychina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малыхина Татьяна Викторовна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">777mtv777@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Private Medical University REAVIZ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марков И.И., Маркова В.И., Малыхина Т.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марков И.И., Маркова В.И., Малыхина Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markov I.I., Markova V.I., Malychina T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/434">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/434</self-uri><abstract><p>В эпикарде многих млекопитающих животных, в том числе и у человека обнаружены типичные артериоло-венулярные анастомозы. Однако они не соответствуют описанию тех непосредственных соустий между артериями и венами, расположенных под эпикардом, которые были выявлены ранее. Описавшие их авторы, используя инъекционные методы, допускали возможность перехода взвеси туши из субэпикардиальных артерий в субэпикардиальные вены. Но они не смогли точно идентифицировать тип сосудов, осуществляющих эти связи. Вполне возможно, что это есть артериоло-венулярные анастомозы, поскольку их диамерт превышает диаметр кровеносных капилляров. В то же время показано, что сосудистые конструкции эпикарда осуществляют гемосепарацию в системе венечных артерий. В результате кровь с высоким гематокритом и освобожденная от большинства различных аналитов и нейтрофильных гранулоцитов, поступает в микрососудистое русло миокарда. Ультрафильтрат плазмы крови в субэпикардиальной рыхлой соединительной ткани подвергается биодеградации и утилизируется лимфатическими микрососудами. Целью работы является морфофункциональное обоснование концепции об эпикарде как биологическом фильтре сердца. Изучено сосудистое русло эпикарда сердец половозрелых собак (n=5), выявленное различными рутинными гистологическими и оригинальными интра- и экстрасосудистыми импрегнационными методами. Доказано, что микрососудистое кровеносное русло субэпикардиальной соединительной ткани обладает выраженной органной специфичностью. Она определяется наличием в артерио-веунлярных анастомозов и постоянных плазматических капилляров, а также высокой проницаемостью всех сосудистых компонентов. Микрососудистое русло эпикарда вызывает восходящую дилатацию венечных артерий и способствует ультрафильтрации значительного объема плазмы крови в субэпикардиальное интерстициальное пространство. Таким образом, осуществляется процесс гемосепарации, в результате которого в миокард поступает кровь с высоким гематокритом и свободная от нейтрофильных гранулоцитов. В эпикардиальной соединительной ткани накапливаются аналиты, которые не могут быть резорбированы венозными микрососудами. Этот «биологический мусор» подвергается разрушению в субэпикардиальной соединительной ткани, что доказывает роль эпикарда как биологического фильтра сердца.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the epicardium of many mammals, animals, including humans, were found to have typical arteriovenular anastomoses. However, they do not correspond to the description of those direct anastomoses between arteries and veins located under the epicardium, which were previously identified. The authors who described them, using injection methods, showed the passage of carcass suspension from sub-epicardial arteries to sub-epicardial veins. But they could not accurately identify the type of vessels carrying out these connections. It is possible that these are arteriovenular anastomoses, since their diameter not exceeds the diameter of the blood capillaries. At the same time, it was shown that the vascular structures of the epicardium carry out the separation of the blood in the coronary artery system. As a result, blood with high hematocrit and freed from most various analytes and neutrophilic granulocytes enters the microvascular bed of the myocardium. The ultrafiltrate of the blood plasma in the sub-epicardial loose connective tissue undergoes biodegradation and is utilized in the lymphatic micro vessels. The aim of the work is the morphological and functional substantiation of the concept about of the epicardium as a biological filter of the heart. The vascular bed of the epicardium of hearts of mature dogs was studied (n=5), revealed by various routine histological and original intra- and extravascular methods. It is proved that the microvascular bloodstream of the sub-epicardial connective tissue has pronounced organ specificity. It is determined by the presence of arteriovenular anastomoses and permanent plasma capillaries, as well as the high permeability of all vascular components. The microvascular bed of the epicardium causes an ascending dilatation of the coronary arteries and contributes to ultrafiltration of a significant amount of blood plasma into the sub-epicardial interstitial space. Thus, the process of the separation of the blood is carried out, as a result of which blood with high hematocrit and free of neutrophilic granulocytes enters the myocardium. In the epicardial connective tissue, analytes accumulate that cannot be resorbed by venous micro vessels. This «biological debris» undergoes destruction in the sub-epicardial connective tissue, which proves the role of the epicardium as a biological filter of the heart.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпикард</kwd><kwd>сосудистое русло</kwd><kwd>биологический фильтр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epicardium</kwd><kwd>vascular flow bed</kwd><kwd>biological filter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markov I.I. Rol' arteriolo – venulyarnykh anastomozov v tsirkulyatsii neytrofil'nykh granulotsitov. Morfologicheskie vedomosti. 2017;(1):10-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markov I.I. Rol' arteriolo – venulyarnykh anastomozov v tsirkulyatsii neytrofil'nykh granulotsitov. 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