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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2021.29(3).570</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-570</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЗАМОРОЖЕННЫХ И НАТИВНЫХ ТЕСТИКУЛЯРНЫХ СПЕРМАТОЗОИДОВ ПОСЛЕ АКТИВАЦИИ ПЕНТОКСИФИЛЛИНОМ ПРИ АЗООСПЕРМИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF USING OF FROZEN AND NATIVE TESTICULAR SPERMATOZOA AFTER PENTOXIFYLLINE ACTIVATION AT THE AZOOSPERMIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9755-6819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ратенкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ratenkova</surname><given-names>Natal'ya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший эмбриолог </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Embryologist</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ratenkova333@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-3328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурыгина</surname><given-names>Оксана Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurygina</surname><given-names>Oksana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии и профессор кафедры репродуктивной медицины, клинической эмбриологи и генетики Самарского государственного медицинского университета, заведующая эмбриологической лабораторией Клинического госпиталя ИДК «Мать и дитя»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Histology and Embryology and Professor of the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Embryology and Genetics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oks-shurygina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-1886</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хархарова</surname><given-names>Муминат Арсеновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharkharova</surname><given-names>Muminat A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkharkharova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-7872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юхимец</surname><given-names>Сергей Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukhimets</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры морфологии и патологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Morphology and Pathology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">y_s_n@reaviz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-5599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русаков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusakov</surname><given-names>Dmitry Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Histology and Embryology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maison55@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2095-0452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляева</surname><given-names>Лидия Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaeva</surname><given-names>Lidiya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aspirantess of the Department of Histology and Embryology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">llibel@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-8844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Ольга Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>Olga O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель ученой степени кандидата наук кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Studentess of the Department of Histology and Embryology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popovaoo@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-5376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Сергей Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Sergey Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель ученой степени кандидата наук кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student of the Department of Histology and Embryology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mironov0511@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский центр охраны здоровья семьи и репродукции, Махачкала</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Center for the Protection of Family Health and Reproduction, Makhachkala</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет, Самара</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University, Samara,</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский университет РЕАВИЗ, Самара</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Private Medical University, Samara</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский государственный медицинский университет, Самара</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University, Samara</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ратенкова Н.В., Шурыгина О.В., Хархарова М.А., Юхимец С.Н., Русаков Д.Ю., Беляева Л.А., Попова О.О., Миронов С.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ратенкова Н.В., Шурыгина О.В., Хархарова М.А., Юхимец С.Н., Русаков Д.Ю., Беляева Л.А., Попова О.О., Миронов С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ratenkova N.V., Shurygina O.V., Kharkharova M.A., Yukhimets S.N., Rusakov D.Y., Belyaeva L.A., Popova O.O., Mironov S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/570">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/570</self-uri><abstract><p>Азооспермия – это состояние при котором в эякуляте отсутствуют сперматозоиды. Цель исследования- оценить результаты применения активации пентоксифиллином сперматозоидов, полученных после тестикулярной биопсии при азооспермии и сравнить показатели эмбриологического и клинического этапов при применении нативных и замороженных сперматозоидов для оплодотворения в программах вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий. Всего было проведено 91 процедура тестикулярной биопсии с последующим микроскопическим исследованием биоптата с целью обнаружения в нем сперматозоидов. Активация неподвижных сперматозоидов осуществлялась с помощью ингибитора фосфодиэстеразы – пентоксифиллина. Проведено 20 процедур биопсии, оплодотворение осуществлялось нативными сперматозоидами (I группа). В остальных 71 случаях биопсия была диагностической и проводилась заранее. В 29 случаях сперматозоиды были найдены, криоконсервированы и в 22 случаях разморожены для проведения процедуры оплодотворения (II группа). Проведен анализ эмбриологических и клинических показателей искусственного оплодотворения, в которых использовались нативные (I группа) и замороженные (II группа) тестикулярные сперматозоиды после активации пентоксифиллином. Применение пентоксифиллина позволило отобрать для оплодотворения активно подвижные формы сперматозоидов. В соответствии с полученными данными, показатель оплодотворения оказался выше в группе с использованием нативных тестикулярных сперматозоидов по сравнению с группой, в которой оплодотворение проводили после предварительно проведенной их криоконсервации. Однако, статистически значимой разницы показателей оплодотворения в изучаемых группах выявить не удалось. Показатели преимплантационного развития эмбрионов также не показали статически значимой разницы в изучаемых группах. Применение пентоксифиллина позволяет идентифицировать жизнеспособные мужские гаметы и отбирать их для проведения оплодотворения методом интрацитоплазматического введения в яйцеклетку после проведения тестикулярной биопсии. Основной клинический показатель – частота наступления беременности оказался сопоставимым и не показал статистически значимой разницы в исследуемых группах, что свидетельствует о формировании компетентных эмбрионов при применении замороженного и нативного биологического материала яичек после активации пентоксифиллином. Замораживание тестикулярных сперматозоидов не оказывает отрицательного влияния на их способность к оплодотворению.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Azoospermia is a state in which there are no sperm in the ejaculate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of the use of pentoxifylline activation of spermatozoa obtained after testicular biopsy in azoospermia and to compare the indicators of embryological and clinical stages when using native and frozen spermatozoa for fertilization in programs of assisted reproductive technologies. A total of 91 testicular biopsy procedures were performed, followed by microscopic examination of the biopsy specimen in order to detect spermatozoa in it. The activation of immotile spermatozoa was carried out using a phosphodiesterase inhibitor - pentoxifylline. Conducted 20 biopsy procedures, fertilization was carried out with native spermatozoa (group I). In the other 71 cases, the biopsy was diagnostic and performed in advance. In 29 cases, spermatozoa were found, cryopreserved and in 22 cases thawed for the fertilization procedure (group II). The analysis of embryological and clinical indicators of artificial insemination was carried out, in which native (group I) and frozen (group II) testicular spermatozoa were used after activation by pentoxifylline. The use of pentoxifylline made it possible to select actively mobile forms of spermatozoa for fertilization. In accordance with the data obtained, the fertilization rate was higher in the group using native testicular spermatozoa compared to the group in which fertilization was carried out after their preliminary cryopreservation. However, no statistically significant difference in the rates of fertilization in the studied groups could be identified. Indicators of preimplantation development of embryos also did not show a statistically significant difference in the studied groups. The use of pentoxifylline makes it possible to identify viable male gametes and select them for fertilization by intracytoplasmic injection of a sperm cell into an egg after a testicular biopsy. The main clinical indicator - the pregnancy rate was comparable and did not show a statistically significant difference in the study groups, which indicates the formation of competent embryos when using as frozen and native biological material of testes after activation with pentoxifylline. Freezing of testicular spermatozoa does not negative effect to its ability to fertilize.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сперматозоиды</kwd><kwd>азооспермия</kwd><kwd>искусственное оплодотворение</kwd><kwd>пентоксифиллин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spermatozoa</kwd><kwd>azoospermia</kwd><kwd>artificial fertilization</kwd><kwd>pentoxifylline</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulikov SN, Korneev IA. Algoritmy obsledovanija pacientov s azoospermiej. 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