morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2021.29(3).636morpho-636Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ ОБЪЕМА ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ПО ДАННЫМ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ АНАТОМИИ (ОБЗОР)THE VARIABILITY OF THYROID GLAND VOLUME AT THE DATA OF ULTRASOUND ANATOMY (REVIEW)ЛыткинаАлина АльбертовнаLytkinaAlina A.

врач ультразвуковой диагностики

Doctor of Ultrasound Diagnostic

gidro1777@mail.ruГармаеваДарима КышектовнаGarmaevaDarima K.

заведующая кафедрой  нормальной и патологической анатомии, оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией и судебной медициной

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Normal and Pathological Anatomy, Operative Surgery with Topographic Anatomy and Forensic Medicine

dari66@mail.ruЯкутская городская больница № 3, ЯкутскРоссияYakutsk City Hospital № 3, YakutskRussian FederationСеверо-Восточный федеральный университет имени М.К. Аммосова, ЯкутскРоссияAmmosov North-Eastern Federal University, YakutskRussian Federation2021251220212937682Copyright © Лыткина А.А., Гармаева Д.К., 20212021Лыткина А.А., Гармаева Д.К.Lytkina A.A., Garmaeva D.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/636

В настоящее время остается спорным вопрос о критериях оценки ультразвукового размера щитовидной железы ввиду многообразия рекомендаций. Известно, что линейные размеры и объем щитовидной железы подвержены индивидуальным колебаниям и находятся в тесной зависимости от антропометрического и клинического детерминанта. Знания об объеме щитовидной железы необходимы для оценки ряда патологических процессов, таких как йододефицитный зоб, тиреоидит, многоузловой зоб и рак щитовидной железы, а также для оценки эффективности терапии и для определения показаний к минимально возможному лечению. Цель обзора представление особенностей ультразвукового исследования при оценке объема щитовидной железы по данным отечественной и зарубежной литературы. Материалом для исследования послужили мета-данные отечественных и зарубежных научных статей, опубликованных в анатомических и клинических медицинских журналах. Вопросы анатомической вариабельности органов и систем у представителей различных соматических типов признаются многими авторами, но до настоящего времени нуждаются в их детальном описании. Анализ описаний результатов исследований тиреоидного объема показывает значительный разброс между наименьшими и наибольшими величинами объема. Общий объем щитовидной железы колеблется от 6,26±2,89 см3 до 18,6±4,50 см3. Средний объем щитовидной железы у мужчин находится в пределах от 6,03±2,22 см3 до 19,6±4,7 см3, у женщин от 5,62±2,14 см³ до 17,5±4,2 см³. Представленные в обзоре данные свидетельствуют о том, что линейные размеры и объем железы подвержены индивидуальным колебаниям и находятся в тесной зависимости от таких факторов как пол, возраст и антропометрические показатели. Большинством авторов была определена корреляционная связь тиреоидного объема с весоростовыми показателями, площадью поверхности тела, индексом массы тела, соматотипом. Из обзора следует, что каждой географической зоне соответствуют различные показатели с учетом ее особенностей. Понимание и знание вариабельности ультразвуковых морфометрических показателей объема необходимы для персонифицированной тактики лечения пациентов с патологией щитовидной железы.

Currently, the question of the criteria for assessing the ultrasound size of the thyroid gland remains controversial in view of the variety of recommendations. It is known that the linear dimensions and volume of the thyroid gland are subject to individual fluctuations and are closely related to the anthropometric and clinical determinant. Knowledge of the volume of the thyroid gland is necessary to assess a number of pathological processes, such as iodine deficiency goiter, thyroiditis, multinodular goiter and thyroid cancer, as well as to assess the effectiveness of therapy and to determine the indications for the least possible treatment. The purpose of the review is to present the features of ultrasound examination in assessing the volume of the thyroid gland according to the data of domestic and foreign literature. The material for the study was the metadata of domestic and foreign scientific articles published in anatomical and clinical medical journals. The issues of anatomical variability of organs and systems in representatives of various somatic types are recognized by many authors, but up to now they need a detailed description. Analysis of the descriptions of the results of studies of the thyroid volume shows a significant variation between the smallest and largest values ​​of the volume. The total volume of the thyroid gland ranges from 6,26±2,89 cm3 to 18,6±4,50 cm3. The average volume of the thyroid gland in men is in the range from 6,03±2,22 cm3 to 19,6±4,7 cm3, in women from 5,62±2,14 cm³ to 17,5±4,2 cm³. The data presented in the review indicate that the linear dimensions and volume of the gland are subject to individual fluctuations and are closely dependent on factors such as gender, age and anthropometric parameters. Most authors determined the correlation between the thyroid volume and weight-height indicators, body surface area, body mass index, somatotype. It follows from the review that different indicators correspond to each geographic zone, taking into account its characteristics. Understanding and knowledge of the variability of ultrasound morphometric volume parameters is necessary for personalized treatment tactics for patients with thyroid pathology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.