morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2023.31(1).673morpho-673Research ArticleКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯSHORT ARTICLESМОРФОЛОГИЯ ЯДРЫШЕК НЕЙРОНОВ ТУБЕРОМАМИЛЛЯРНОГО ЯДРА ГИПОТАЛАМУСА ПРИ СОСУДИСТОЙ ДЕМЕНЦИИTHE NUCLEOLI MORPHOLOGY OF TUBEROMAMMILLARY NUCLEUS NEURONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IN VASCULAR DEMENTIAИшунинаТатьяна АлександровнаIshuninaTat'yana A.

профессор, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры гистологии, эмбриологии, цитологии

Full Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Histology, Embryology, Cytology

ishunina@gmail.comКурский государственный медицинский университет, КурскРоссияKursk State Medical University, KurskRussian Federation2023050120233115457Copyright © Ишунина Т.А., 20222022Ишунина Т.А.Ishunina T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/673

Ядрышковый стресс является частью патогенеза таких нейродегенеративных заболеваний, как болезнь Гентингтона, болезнь Паркинсона, боковой амиотрофический склероз. Однако сведения об изменениях ядрышек при сосудистой деменции, возникающей на фоне постинсультных нарушений мозгового кровообращения, практически отсутствуют. Цель настоящего исследования - определение размеров ядрышек в нейронах туберомамиллярного ядра гипоталамуса, являющегося основным источником синтеза гистамина в мозге, на аутопсийном материале случаев с сосудистой деменцией (n=9) в сравнении с контрольной группой случаев без когнитивных расстройств (n=10). На гистологических препаратах, окрашенных крезиловым фиолетовым по Нисслю площади сечения ядрышек нейронов туберомамиллярного ядра гипоталамуса были достоверно меньше в случаях с сосудистой деменцией по сравнению с контрольной группой, что свидетельствует не только о снижении уровня образования гистамина, участвующего в контроле циклов сна и бодрствования и памяти, но и о возможной инициации клеточной гибели. Выраженность изменений размеров ядрышек была практически идентична изменениям других морфометрических критериев метаболической активности нейронов, а именно размеров комплекса Гольджи, ядер и перикарионов.

Nucleolar stress is part of the pathogenesis of such neurodegenerative diseases as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, information about changes in the nucleoli in vascular dementia that occurs against the background of post-stroke cerebrovascular accidents is practically absent. The aim of this study was to determine the size of the nucleoli in the neurons of the tuberomamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, which is the main source of histamine synthesis in the brain, using autopsy material from cases with vascular dementia (n=9) compared with the control group of cases (n=10) without cognitive impairment. On histological preparations stained with cresyl-violet according to Nissl, the cross-sectional area of the nucleoli of neurons of the tuberomamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus was significantly smaller in cases with vascular dementia compared with the control group, which indicates not only a decrease in the level of histamine formation involved in the control of sleep cycles and wakefulness and memory, but also about the possible initiation of cell death. The severity of changes in the size of the nucleoli was almost identical to changes in other morphometric criteria for the metabolic activity of neurons, namely the size of the Golgi complex, nuclei and perinuclear area.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.