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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2024.32(1).811</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРОЕНИЯ ПИРАМИДНЫХ НЕЙРОНОВ ГИППОКАМПА В РАЗНЫЕ ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ПЕРИОДЫ ЖИЗНИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIPPOCAMPUS PYRAMIDAL NEURONS STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS OF LIFE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9467-3286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимушкина</surname><given-names>Нина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimushkina</surname><given-names>Nina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинский наук, доцент кафедры нормальной, топографической и клинической анатомии, оперативной хирургии </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Normal, Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, Operative Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zimushkina59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинова</surname><given-names>Наталья Павловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginova</surname><given-names>Natal'ya P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой гистологии, эмбриологии и цитологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalitsa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазутина</surname><given-names>Галина Степановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazutina</surname><given-names>Galina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры анатомии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazutinagalina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торсунова</surname><given-names>Юлия Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torsunova</surname><given-names>Julia P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нормальной, топографической и клинической анатомии, оперативной хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Normal, Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, Operative Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">torsunova79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры патологической физиологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biology Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of the of Pathological Physiology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1912ponomarenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаряев</surname><given-names>Павел Аркадьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garyaev</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нормальной, топографической и клинической анатомии, оперативной хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Normal, Topographic and Clinical Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">garyaevp@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А.Вагнера, Пермь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician Vagner Perm State Medical University, Perm</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова, Ярославль</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academiciam Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера, Пермь</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician Vagner Perm State Medical University, Perm</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>ID-811</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зимушкина Н.А., Логинова Н.П., Лазутина Г.С., Торсунова Ю.П., Пономаренко Е.В., Гаряев П.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зимушкина Н.А., Логинова Н.П., Лазутина Г.С., Торсунова Ю.П., Пономаренко Е.В., Гаряев П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zimushkina N.A., Loginova N.P., Lazutina G.S., Torsunova J.P., Ponomarenko E.V., Garyaev P.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/811">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/811</self-uri><abstract><p>Проявлением возрастных когнитивных нарушений является снижение памяти, механизм которой связан с деятельностью головного мозга в целом, но особенное значение для процесса запоминания текущих событий имеют структуры гиппокампа. Расстройство познавательных функций может быть результатом как физиологических инволютивных изменений, так и признаком нейродегенеративных процессов. Цель исследования - оценка структурных особенностей пирамидных нейронов гиппокампа у лиц разных возрастных групп. С помощью гистологических, иммуногистохимических и морфометрических методов исследован аутопсийный материал (100 образцов), полученный от лиц обоего пола 4-х возрастных категорий 22–35 лет (n=16) , 36-55(60) лет (n=30), 56(60)-74 года (n=26) и 75-90 лет (n=28). Результаты исследования показали наличие дистрофических изменений нейронов гиппокампа у лиц разных возрастных категорий со значительным преобладанием таких клеток у лиц старшей (пожилой и старческий) возрастной групп, о чем свидетельствуют статистически значимо (р&lt;0,05) меньшие средние размеры тел нейронов во всех полях гиппокампа, по сравнению с аналогичными в группе лиц первого зрелого возраста (р&lt;0,05), а также в полях СА1 и СА3 по сравнению с лицами второго зрелого возраста. В зрелом возрасте изменения в структуре нейронов носили преимущественно функциональный (реактивный) характер. Выраженные структурные изменения необратимого характера наблюдались преимущественно в старшей (пожилой и старческой) возрастной группе. Таким образом, проведенное исследование выявило наличие признаков дистрофических изменений в пирамидных нейронах гиппокампа у лиц старших возрастных групп. С возрастом максимальная площадь сечения всех желудочков мозга увеличивается, относительный объем сосудистых сплетений уменьшается, относительный объем соединительной ткани растет, она, вероятнее всего, замещает клетки сосудистых сплетений. Накопление Тау-белка в цитоплазме клеток полей СА1 и СА3 гиппокампа у лиц этой возрастной категории косвенно свидетельствует о наличии структурной основы определенной степени когнитивного дефицита и высокого риска нейродегенеративной патологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Manifestation of age-related cognitive impairment is memory decline, the mechanism of which is associated with the activity of the brain as a whole, but the structures of the hippocampus are of particular importance for the process of memorizing current events. Cognitive impairment can be a result of both physiological involutional changes and a sign of neurodegenerative processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural features of the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in individuals of different age groups. Using histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric methods, we examined autopsy material (100 samples) obtained from individuals of both sexes of 4 age categories: 22-35 years (n=16), 36-55(60) years (n=30), 56(60)-74 years (n=26) and 75-90 years (n=28). The results of the study showed the presence of dystrophic changes in the hippocampal neurons in individuals of different age categories with a significant predominance of such cells in individuals of the older (elderly and senile) age groups, as evidenced by statistically significantly (p &lt; 0.05) smaller average sizes of neuron bodies in all fields of the hippocampus, compared with similar ones in the group of individuals of the first mature age (p&lt;0.05), as well as in the CA1 and CA3 fields compared with individuals of the second mature age. In mature age, changes in the structure of neurons were mainly reactive in nature. Expressed structural changes of an irreversible nature were observed mainly in the older (elderly and senile) age group. Thus, the conducted study revealed the presence of signs of dystrophic changes in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in individuals of older age groups. With age, the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​all cerebral ventricles increases, the relative volume of vascular plexuses decreases, the relative volume of connective tissue grows, it most likely replaces the cells of the vascular plexuses. The accumulation of Tau protein in the cytoplasm of cells in the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus in individuals of this age category indirectly indicates the presence of a structural basis for a certain degree of cognitive deficit and a high risk of neurodegenerative pathology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>Тау-белок</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd><kwd>Tau protein</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barsukov VN. Demograficheskoe starenie naseleniya: metody otsenki. Voprosy territorial'nogo razvitiya. 2014;4(14):1-9. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barsukov VN. 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