<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2023.31(4).819</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-819</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОЛОВАЯ, ВОЗРАСТНАЯ И ЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ АНАТОМИИ ГУБ РТА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SEX, AGE AND ETHNIC VARIABILITY OF HUMAN ORAL LIPS ANATOMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9532-9957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николенко</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой анатомии и гистологии человека Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета имени И. М. Сеченова, заведующий кафедрой нормальной и топографической анатомии, Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Head of the Department of Normal and Topographical Anatomy of the Lomonosov Moscow State University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vn.nikolenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-9201</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полякова</surname><given-names>Ольга Леонтьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakova</surname><given-names>Ol'ga L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyakova.olga.00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3476-096X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Секирина</surname><given-names>Елизавета Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sekirina</surname><given-names>Elizaveta A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Studentin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lizasekirina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-1520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жарикова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharikova</surname><given-names>Tat'yana S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета имени И. М. Сеченова, доцент кафедры нормальной и топографической анатомии, Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Associate Professor of the Department of Normal and Topographical Anatomy of the Lomonosov Moscow State University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr_zharikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И. М. Сеченова, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Николенко В.Н., Полякова О.Л., Секирина Е.А., Жарикова Т.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Николенко В.Н., Полякова О.Л., Секирина Е.А., Жарикова Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikolenko V.N., Polyakova O.L., Sekirina E.A., Zharikova T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/819">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/819</self-uri><abstract><p>Вариантная анатомия губ рта и разнообразие их морфо- и геометрических характеристик, особенностей кровоснабжения, полового диморфизма, а также индивидуальных, типологических, этнических и возрастных характеристик играют важную роль при планировании хирургических и косметологических вмешательств и процедур, обеспечивая персонализированный подход при выборе тактики лечения. Цель исследования – провести анализ литературных источников о морфометрических показателях размеров и формы губ рта человека в зависимости от пола, возраста и этнической принадлежности. Материалы и методы исследования - информационные базы данных, научные статьи, обзоры, монографии, размещенные в свободном доступе и имеющиеся в фондах научных медицинских библиотек по соответствующим ключевым словам. В результате анализа установлено, что разнообразие этнических особенностей параметров лица требует стандартизации характерной для определенной группы людей типичной формы губ с учетом других анатомических параметров. Окончательные черты лица у взрослых мужчин и женщин формируются после полового созревания. У мужчин более выражено уменьшение относительной высоты красной каймы нижней губы рта, угол выступа нижней губы у них значительно больше. Помимо половой и этнической изменчивости, изменение морфологических особенностей губ является одной из наиболее значимых характеристик старения лица. Процедуры увеличения их объема чаще выполняются у молодых пациентов, а процедуры контурной пластики чаще у пациентов пожилого возраста. Однако у пластических хирургов и косметологов отсутствуют стандарты или диапазоны «параметров красоты», свойственных для людей с различными формами лица. Сделано заключение о том, что не изучена изменчивость топографо-анатомических взаимоотношений сосудов и нервов при различных типах строения и формы губ рта, а также корреляции морфометрических параметров губ с характеристиками других анатомических образований лица. Исследования в этом направлении будут важны не только в косметологии, но и для идентификации лиц при судебно-медицинской экспертизе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Variant anatomy of the lips of the mouth and the diversity of their morphometric characteristics, blood supply characteristics, sexual dimorphism, as well as individual, typological, ethnic and age characteristics play an important role in planning surgical and cosmetic interventions and procedures, providing a personalized approach when choosing treatment tactics. The purpose of this review is to analyze literature sources on morphometric indicators of the size and shape of the lips of a person’s mouth depending on gender, age and ethnicity. Materials and methods of research are information databases, scientific articles, reviews, monographs posted in the public domain and available in the collections of scientific medical libraries using the relevant keywords. As a result of the analysis, it was established that the diversity of ethnic features of facial parameters requires standardization of the typical lip shape characteristic of a certain group of people, taking into account other anatomical parameters. The final facial features of adult men and women develop after puberty. In men, the decrease in the relative height of the red border of the lower lip of the mouth is more pronounced, and the angle of protrusion of the lower lip is much greater. In addition to gender and ethnic variability, changes in the morphological features of the lips are one of the most significant characteristics of facial aging. Volume augmentation procedures are performed more often in younger patients, while contouring procedures are performed more often in older patients. However, plastic surgeons and cosmetologists do not have standards or ranges of “beauty parameters” that are typical for people with different face shapes. It was concluded that the variability of the topographic-anatomical relationships of blood vessels and nerves has not been studied for different types of structure and shape of the lips of the mouth, as well as the correlation of the morphometric parameters of the lips with the characteristics of other anatomical formations of the face. Research in this direction will be important not only in cosmetology, but also for identifying individuals during forensic medical examination.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лицо человека</kwd><kwd>анатомия рта</kwd><kwd>губы</kwd><kwd>возраст</kwd><kwd>пол</kwd><kwd>этнические особенности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human face</kwd><kwd>mouth anatomy</kwd><kwd>lips</kwd><kwd>sex</kwd><kwd>age</kwd><kwd>ethnic features</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">нет</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">no</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caix P. Anatomie de la région labiale. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique. 2002;47(5):332–345. DOI: 10.1016/s0294-1260(02)00143-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caix P. Anatomie de la région labiale. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique. 2002;47(5):332–345. DOI: 10.1016/s0294-1260(02)00143-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paek SJ, Yoo JY, Lee JW et al. Changes of lip morphology following mandibular setback surgery using 3D cone-beam computed tomography images. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;38(1):38. DOI :10.1186/s40902-016-0082-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paek SJ, Yoo JY, Lee JW et al. Changes of lip morphology following mandibular setback surgery using 3D cone-beam computed tomography images. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;38(1):38. DOI :10.1186/s40902-016-0082-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sawyer AR, See M, &amp; Nduka C. 3D Stereophotogrammetry Quantitative Lip Analysis. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2008;33(4):497–504. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-008-9191-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sawyer AR, See M, &amp; Nduka C. 3D Stereophotogrammetry Quantitative Lip Analysis. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2008;33(4):497–504. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-008-9191-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sforza C, Grandi G, Binelli M, et al. Age- and sex-related changes in three-dimensional lip morphology. Forensic Science International. 2010;200(1-3):182.e1–182.e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sforza C, Grandi G, Binelli M, et al. Age- and sex-related changes in three-dimensional lip morphology. Forensic Science International. 2010;200(1-3):182.e1–182.e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burian F. Atlas plasticheskoy khirurgii. Per. s cheshsk. – Praga-M., 1967. – 286s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burian F. Atlas plasticheskoy khirurgii. Per. s cheshsk. – Praga-M., 1967. – 286s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudrin IS. Anatomiya organov polosti rta. - M., 1968. - 62s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudrin IS. Anatomiya organov polosti rta. - M., 1968. - 62s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyu-Lim Lee, Hyung-Jin Lee, Kwan-Hyun Youn, Hee-Jin Kim. Positional relationship of superior and inferior labial artery by ultrasonography im-age analysis for safe lip augmentation procedures. Clin Anat. 2020;33(2):158-164. DOI: 10.1002/ca.23379</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyu-Lim Lee, Hyung-Jin Lee, Kwan-Hyun Youn, Hee-Jin Kim. Positional relationship of superior and inferior labial artery by ultrasonography im-age analysis for safe lip augmentation procedures. Clin Anat. 2020;33(2):158-164. DOI: 10.1002/ca.23379</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liya J, Ningbei Y, Yongqian W, et al. Three-dimensional visualization of blood supply of the upper lip using micro-CT and implications for plastic surgery. Clin Anat. 2021;34(2):191-198. DOI: 10.1002/ca.23606</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liya J, Ningbei Y, Yongqian W, et al. Three-dimensional visualization of blood supply of the upper lip using micro-CT and implications for plastic surgery. Clin Anat. 2021;34(2):191-198. DOI: 10.1002/ca.23606</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samizadeh S, Pirayesh A, Bertossi D. Anatomical Variations in the Course of Labial Arteries: A Literature Review. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(11):1225-1235. DOI:10.1093/asj/sjy235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samizadeh S, Pirayesh A, Bertossi D. Anatomical Variations in the Course of Labial Arteries: A Literature Review. Aesthet Surg J. 2019;39(11):1225-1235. DOI:10.1093/asj/sjy235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cotofana S, Steinke H, Schlattau A, et al. The Anatomy of the Facial Vein: Implications for Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;139(6):1346-1353. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cotofana S, Steinke H, Schlattau A, et al. The Anatomy of the Facial Vein: Implications for Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;139(6):1346-1353. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cotofana S, Alfertshofer M, Schenck TL, et al. Anatomy of the Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries Revised: An Ultrasound Investigation and Im-plication for Lip Volumization. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(12):1327-1335. DOI:10.1093/asj/sjaa137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cotofana S, Alfertshofer M, Schenck TL, et al. Anatomy of the Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries Revised: An Ultrasound Investigation and Im-plication for Lip Volumization. Aesthet Surg J. 2020;40(12):1327-1335. DOI:10.1093/asj/sjaa137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bathla G, Hegde AN. The trigeminal nerve: an illustrated review of its imaging anatomy and pathology. Clin Radiol. 2013;68(2):203-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.05.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bathla G, Hegde AN. The trigeminal nerve: an illustrated review of its imaging anatomy and pathology. Clin Radiol. 2013;68(2):203-213. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.05.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biau J, Dunet V, Lapeyre M, Simon C, et al. Practical clinical guidelines for contouring the trigeminal nerve (V) and its branches in head and neck cancers. Radiother Oncol. 2019;131:192-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.08.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biau J, Dunet V, Lapeyre M, Simon C, et al. Practical clinical guidelines for contouring the trigeminal nerve (V) and its branches in head and neck cancers. Radiother Oncol. 2019;131:192-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.08.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kochhar A, Larian B, Azizzadeh B. Facial Nerve and Parotid Gland Anatomy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(2):273-284. DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.002. PMID: 27040583</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochhar A, Larian B, Azizzadeh B. Facial Nerve and Parotid Gland Anatomy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2016;49(2):273-284. DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.002. PMID: 27040583</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chong Y, Dong R, Liu X, Wang X, et al. Stereophotogrammetry to reveal age‐related changes of labial morphology among Chinese women aging from 20 to 60. Skin Research and Technology. 2020;27(1):41-48. DOI: 10.1111/srt.12906</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chong Y, Dong R, Liu X, Wang X, et al. Stereophotogrammetry to reveal age‐related changes of labial morphology among Chinese women aging from 20 to 60. Skin Research and Technology. 2020;27(1):41-48. DOI: 10.1111/srt.12906</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raschke GF, Rieger UM, Bader RD, et al. Perioral aging - an anthropometric appraisal. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42(5):e312-317. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.10.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raschke GF, Rieger UM, Bader RD, et al. Perioral aging - an anthropometric appraisal. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42(5):e312-317. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.10.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesterke MJ, Raffensperger ZD, Heike CL et al. Using the 3D Facial Norms Database to investigate craniofacial sexual dimorphism in healthy children, adolescents, and adults. Biol Sex Differ. 2016;7(1):23. DOI :10.1186/s13293-016-0076-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesterke MJ, Raffensperger ZD, Heike CL et al. Using the 3D Facial Norms Database to investigate craniofacial sexual dimorphism in healthy children, adolescents, and adults. Biol Sex Differ. 2016;7(1):23. DOI :10.1186/s13293-016-0076-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weinberg SM, Parsons TE, Raffensperger ZD et al. Prenatal sex hormones, digit ratio, and face shape in adult males. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015;18(1):21–26. DOI :10.1111/ocr.12055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weinberg SM, Parsons TE, Raffensperger ZD et al. Prenatal sex hormones, digit ratio, and face shape in adult males. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015;18(1):21–26. DOI :10.1111/ocr.12055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong WW, Davis DG, Camp MC et al. Contribution of lip proportions to facial aesthetics in different ethnicities: A three dimensional analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63(12):2032–2039. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2009.12.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong WW, Davis DG, Camp MC et al. Contribution of lip proportions to facial aesthetics in different ethnicities: A three dimensional analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010;63(12):2032–2039. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2009.12.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salibian AA, Bluebond-Langner R. Lip Lift. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019;27(2):261-266. DOI :10.1016/j.fsc.2019.01.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salibian AA, Bluebond-Langner R. Lip Lift. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2019;27(2):261-266. DOI :10.1016/j.fsc.2019.01.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayoub F, Saadeh M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Haddad R. Stereophotogrammetric analysis of labial morphology in a young adult Middle-Eastern population. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2018;47(2):273-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.12.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayoub F, Saadeh M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Haddad R. Stereophotogrammetric analysis of labial morphology in a young adult Middle-Eastern population. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2018;47(2):273-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.12.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolci Elamin F, Gibelli DM, Barni L, et al. Age- and Sex-Related Changes in Labial Dimensions of Sudanese Youngs of Arab Descent: A Three-Dimensional Cross-Sectional Study. Children. 2021;8(7):574. DOI :10.3390/children8070574</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolci Elamin F, Gibelli DM, Barni L, et al. Age- and Sex-Related Changes in Labial Dimensions of Sudanese Youngs of Arab Descent: A Three-Dimensional Cross-Sectional Study. Children. 2021;8(7):574. DOI :10.3390/children8070574</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrario VF, Sforza C, &amp; Serrao GA. Three-Dimensional Quantitative Analysis of Lips in Normal Young Adults. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. 2000;37(1):48–54. DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569_2000_037_0048_atdqao_2.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrario VF, Sforza C, &amp; Serrao GA. Three-Dimensional Quantitative Analysis of Lips in Normal Young Adults. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. 2000;37(1):48–54. DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569_2000_037_0048_atdqao_2.3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honigman R, Castle DJ. Aging and cosmetic enhancement. Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(2):115-9. DOI: 10.2147/ciia.2006.1.2.115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honigman R, Castle DJ. Aging and cosmetic enhancement. Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(2):115-9. DOI: 10.2147/ciia.2006.1.2.115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patterson CN, Powell DG. Facial analysis in patient evaluation for physiologic and cosmetic surgery. Laryngoscope. 1974;84(6):1004-1019. DOI: 10.1288/00005537-197406000-00015. PMID: 4832371</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patterson CN, Powell DG. Facial analysis in patient evaluation for physiologic and cosmetic surgery. Laryngoscope. 1974;84(6):1004-1019. DOI: 10.1288/00005537-197406000-00015. PMID: 4832371</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosati R, Codari M, Maffessanti F, et al. The labial aging process: a surface analysis-based three-dimensional evaluation. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2014;38(1):236-241. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-013-0227-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosati R, Codari M, Maffessanti F, et al. The labial aging process: a surface analysis-based three-dimensional evaluation. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2014;38(1):236-241. DOI: 10.1007/s00266-013-0227-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Si-Qiao Wu, Bai-Lin Pan, et al. Lip Morphology and Aesthetics: Study Review and Prospects in Plastic Surgery. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2018;43(3):637-643. DOI :10.1007/s00266-018-1268-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Si-Qiao Wu, Bai-Lin Pan, et al. Lip Morphology and Aesthetics: Study Review and Prospects in Plastic Surgery. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. 2018;43(3):637-643. DOI :10.1007/s00266-018-1268-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doll C, Nahles G, Voss JO, et al. Age-Related Changes of the Orolabial Region in Caucasian Women: An Anthropometric Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(12):2497-2503. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.08.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doll C, Nahles G, Voss JO, et al. Age-Related Changes of the Orolabial Region in Caucasian Women: An Anthropometric Analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(12):2497-2503. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.08.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hilton S, Frank K, Alfertshofer M, Cotofana S. Clinical outcomes after lip injection procedures - Comparison of two hyaluronic acid gel fillers with different product properties. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(1):119-127. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15548</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hilton S, Frank K, Alfertshofer M, Cotofana S. Clinical outcomes after lip injection procedures - Comparison of two hyaluronic acid gel fillers with different product properties. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(1):119-127. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15548</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu LY, Meng T, Shi B, Deng DZ. Anthropometric study of the upper lip of 1500 healthy children in Chengdu, Western China. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 46. 2008:554–560</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu LY, Meng T, Shi B, Deng DZ. Anthropometric study of the upper lip of 1500 healthy children in Chengdu, Western China. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 46. 2008:554–560</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le´veˆque JL, Goubanova E. Influence of age on the lips and perioral skin. Dermatology. 2004;208:307–313</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le´veˆque JL, Goubanova E. Influence of age on the lips and perioral skin. Dermatology. 2004;208:307–313</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iblher N, Kloepper L, Penna V, et al. Changes in the aging upper lip - a photomorphometric and MRI-based study (on a quest to find the right rejuvenation approach). J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61: 1170–1176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iblher N, Kloepper L, Penna V, et al. Changes in the aging upper lip - a photomorphometric and MRI-based study (on a quest to find the right rejuvenation approach). J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61: 1170–1176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
