<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2023.31(3).822</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-822</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЛИНЕЙНАЯ ДЛИНА ФАЛАНГ КИСТИ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ МОЛОДЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ ПО ДАННЫМ РЕНТГЕНОВСКОЙ ОСТЕОМЕТРИИ И ИХ КОРРЕЛЯЦИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE LINEAR LENGTH OF MODERN POPULATION'S YOUNG PEOPLE HANDS PHALANGES ACCORDING TO X-RAY OSTEOMETRY AND THEIR CORRELATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гальчин</surname><given-names>Андрей Викторович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gal'chin</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-радиотерапевт</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">galchin.andrei.2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областной клинический онкологический диспансер, Ульяновск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Ulyanovsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ВЕДОМОСТИ - MORPHOLOGICAL NEWSLETTER 2023-31-4</issue-title><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гальчин А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гальчин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gal'chin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/822">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/822</self-uri><abstract><p>Рентгенологическим исследованиям костей кисти, ее фаланг посвящено значительное количество работ, а вопросам взаимосвязи их параметров в контексте общих закономерностей организации структурных элементов аутоподия лишь единичные. Данные последних не создают целостного представления о закономерностях корреляционных отношений метрических параметров костей, образующих скелет кисти человека, тогда как изучение этого вопроса имеет важное теоретическое и практическое значение. Цель исследования – изучить изменчивость рентгеновских остеометрических показателей линейной длины фаланг пальцев юношей 17-21 и девушек 16-20 лет. Материалом исследования послужили 146 рентгенограмм правых и левых кистей юношей и девушек, полученных с диагностической целью при обращении за травматологической помощью. Рентгенография обеих кистей пациентов с захватом лучезапястных суставов на передвижном рентгеновском аппарате MobileDaRt (Shimadzu, Япония). Расстояние от источника рентгеновского излучения до объекта исследования соответствовало общепринятым в рентгеновской остеометрии рекомендациям. Проведенное исследование автоматически сохранялось в памяти компьютера в стандартном формате DICOM, после чего на изображении снимка, выведенного на печать, производили соответствующие измерения. Установлено, что средние кистевые значения рентгенологических линейных длин фаланг пальцев и общий средний показатель у юношей статистически значимо превышали аналогичные показатели у девушек. Попальцевое сравнение показателей между двумя различными по полу популяциями также показало высоко значимые их различия на всех без исключения фалангах. Среди исследованных остеометрических параметров, согласно полученным результатам, наименьшая изменчивость присуща длине проксимальных фаланг у девушек. Установленная при помощи метода непрямой рентгеновской остеометрии картина значений корреляций длины фаланг I–V пальцев кисти показала их различия с немногочисленными данными других авторов. Сделано заключение о том, что анализ пределов анатомической изменчивости, обусловленных не только различными внешними и внутренними факторами, но и методическими подходами, их сравнение, имеют не меньшее научное значение, чем анализ влияния только условий и биологических особенностей анализируемых популяций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>More than a sufficient number of works are devoted to X-ray studies of the bones of the hand, its phalanges, and only a few works are devoted to the issues of the relationship of their parameters in the context of the general patterns of organization of the structural elements of the autopodia. The data of these studies do not create a unified idea of the correlation patterns of the metric parameters of the bones that form the human hand skeleton, while the study of this issue is of great theoretical and practical importance. The purpose of the study is the establish of the variability of X-ray steometric indicators of the length of the phalanxes of boys aged 17-21 and girls aged 16-20. The material of the study was 146 radiographs of the right and left hands of boys and girls obtained for diagnostic purposes when applying for trauma care. X-rays of both hands of patients with scanning also of the wrist joints were performed under conventional radiation protection conditions on a mobile X-ray unit MobileDaRt (Shimadzu, Japan). The distance from the X-ray source to the object of study corresponded to the generally accepted recommendations in X-ray osteometry. The images were automatically saved in the computer memory in the standard DICOM format. It was established that the average values of the radiographic linear lengths of the phalanges of the fingers and the overall average in boys were statistically significantly higher than those in girls. Finger-wise comparison of indicators between two sex-different populations also showed their highly significant differences in all phalanges without exception. Among the studied osteometric parameters, according to the results obtained, the smallest variability is inherent in the length of the proximal phalanges in girls. The general image established using the method of indirect X-ray osteometry of the I–V fingers phalanges length correlation values, showed their differences with the few data of other authors. It was concluded that the analysis of the limits of anatomical variability, due not only to various external and internal factors, but also methodological approaches and their comparison are of no less scientific importance than the analysis of the influence of only the different conditions and biological characteristics of the analyzed populations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кисть</kwd><kwd>пальцы кисти</kwd><kwd>костные фаланги</kwd><kwd>рентгеновская остеометрия</kwd><kwd>юношеский возраст</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hand</kwd><kwd>phalanges</kwd><kwd>x-ray osteometry</kwd><kwd>young age</kwd><kwd>sex differences</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rösing FW, Graw M, Marré B, et al. Recommendations for the forensic diagnosis of sex and age from skeletons. HOMO — Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 2007;58(1):75–89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rösing FW, Graw M, Marré B, et al. Recommendations for the forensic diagnosis of sex and age from skeletons. HOMO — Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 2007;58(1):75–89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rokhlin DG. Skelet kisti i distal'nogo otdela predplech'ya. Rentgenoosteologiya i rentgenoantropologiya. – M.: Biomedgiz, 1936.– Ch. 1.– 385s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rokhlin DG. Skelet kisti i distal'nogo otdela predplech'ya. Rentgenoosteologiya i rentgenoantropologiya. – M.: Biomedgiz, 1936.– Ch. 1.– 385s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prives MG, Palamarchuk VP. Novye metody rentgenoanatomicheskogo issledovaniya: (k 80-letiyu rentgenoanatomii). Arkhiv anatomii, gistologii i embriologii. 1976;71(2):5–15. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prives MG, Palamarchuk VP. Novye metody rentgenoanatomicheskogo issledovaniya: (k 80-letiyu rentgenoanatomii). Arkhiv anatomii, gistologii i embriologii. 1976;71(2):5–15. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mednikova MB. Radiologicheskie metody v paleoantropologii i arkheologii. In Russian. URL: https://www.archaeolog.ru/ru/tskp/napravleniya-issledovaniy/radiologicheskie-metody-v-paleoantropologii-i-arkheologii</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mednikova MB. Radiologicheskie metody v paleoantropologii i arkheologii. In Russian. URL: https://www.archaeolog.ru/ru/tskp/napravleniya-issledovaniy/radiologicheskie-metody-v-paleoantropologii-i-arkheologii</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batsevich VA. Tempy vozrastnoy izmenchivosti skeleta v sovremennykh populyatsiyakh cheloveka (antropoekologicheskie aspekty). Diss. na soisk. uch. st. d-ra biol. nauk.- M.: MGU, 2022.- 218s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batsevich VA. Tempy vozrastnoy izmenchivosti skeleta v sovremennykh populyatsiyakh cheloveka (antropoekologicheskie aspekty). Diss. na soisk. uch. st. d-ra biol. nauk.- M.: MGU, 2022.- 218s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermolenko AS, Khairullin RM. Classification and regression tree analysis for predicting of morphological hands types based on radiography data. Int. J. Morphol. 2021;39(6):1727–1730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolenko AS, Khairullin RM. Classification and regression tree analysis for predicting of morphological hands types based on radiography data. Int. J. Morphol. 2021;39(6):1727–1730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermolenko AS. Patterns of variability of the shape of the human hand. Eur. J. Anat. 2023;27(3)347–354. DOI: 10.52083/EJRV7551</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolenko AS. Patterns of variability of the shape of the human hand. Eur. J. Anat. 2023;27(3)347–354. DOI: 10.52083/EJRV7551</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermolenko AS. Morphological integration and modularity of the human hand. Eur. J. Anat. 2023;27(5):581–585</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolenko AS. Morphological integration and modularity of the human hand. Eur. J. Anat. 2023;27(5):581–585</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matyushechkin SV, Khayrullin RM, Tishkov AV. Sootnoshenie dliny tela u detey i podrostkov Tadzhikistana s nekotorymi lineynymi parametrami trubchatykh kostey kisti. Zhurnal anatomii i gistopatologii. 2021;10(4):43-47. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matyushechkin SV, Khayrullin RM, Tishkov AV. Sootnoshenie dliny tela u detey i podrostkov Tadzhikistana s nekotorymi lineynymi parametrami trubchatykh kostey kisti. Zhurnal anatomii i gistopatologii. 2021;10(4):43-47. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matyushechkin SV, Khayrullin RM, Komissarova EN. Rost i sinostozirovanie kostey distal'nogo otdela verkhney konechnosti u tadzhikskikh detey i podrostkov. Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo S-PbGEU «LETI» im. V.I. Ul'yanova (Lenina), 2022.- 152s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matyushechkin SV, Khayrullin RM, Komissarova EN. Rost i sinostozirovanie kostey distal'nogo otdela verkhney konechnosti u tadzhikskikh detey i podrostkov. Sankt-Peterburg: Izd-vo S-PbGEU «LETI» im. V.I. Ul'yanova (Lenina), 2022.- 152s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matyushechkin S, Khairullin R. Age estimation from osteometry parameters of tubular bones of the hand in children and adolescents from Tajikistan. Journal of Anatomy. 2022;240(4):79P45. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13592</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matyushechkin S, Khairullin R. Age estimation from osteometry parameters of tubular bones of the hand in children and adolescents from Tajikistan. Journal of Anatomy. 2022;240(4):79P45. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13592</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matyushechkin SV. Etno-territorial'nye osobennosti nekotorykh osteometricheskikh parametrov proksimal'nykh falang kisti detey i podrostkov muzhskogo pola Tadzhikistana i Zapadnoy Indii. Morfologicheskie vedomosti. 2020;28(4):38-45. https://doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(4):536. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matyushechkin SV. Etno-territorial'nye osobennosti nekotorykh osteometricheskikh parametrov proksimal'nykh falang kisti detey i podrostkov muzhskogo pola Tadzhikistana i Zapadnoy Indii. Morfologicheskie vedomosti. 2020;28(4):38-45. https://doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(4):536. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darmawan MF, Yusuf SM, Kadir MR, et al. Comparison on three classification techniques for sex estimation from the bone length of Asian children below 19 years old: an analysis using different group of ages. Forensic Sci Int. 2015;247:130.e1-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darmawan MF, Yusuf SM, Kadir MR, et al. Comparison on three classification techniques for sex estimation from the bone length of Asian children below 19 years old: an analysis using different group of ages. Forensic Sci Int. 2015;247:130.e1-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remy F, Saliba-Serre B, Chaumoitre K, et. al. Age estimation from the biometric information of hand bones: Development of new formulas. Forensic Sci Int. 2021;322:110777. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110777</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remy F, Saliba-Serre B, Chaumoitre K, et. al. Age estimation from the biometric information of hand bones: Development of new formulas. Forensic Sci Int. 2021;322:110777. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110777</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DeSilva R, Flavel A, Franklin D. Estimation of sex from the metric assessment of digital hand radiographs in a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;244:314.e1-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DeSilva R, Flavel A, Franklin D. Estimation of sex from the metric assessment of digital hand radiographs in a Western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;244:314.e1-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishan K, Kanchan T, Sharma A. Sex determination from hand and foot dimensions in a North Indian population. J Forensic Sci. 2011;56:453-459</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishan K, Kanchan T, Sharma A. Sex determination from hand and foot dimensions in a North Indian population. J Forensic Sci. 2011;56:453-459</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Case DT, Ross AH. Sex determination from hand and foot bone lengths. J Forensic Sci. 2007;52:264-270</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Case DT, Ross AH. Sex determination from hand and foot bone lengths. J Forensic Sci. 2007;52:264-270</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Morsi DA, Al Hawary AA. Sex determination by the length of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Egyptian population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2013;20:6-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Morsi DA, Al Hawary AA. Sex determination by the length of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Egyptian population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2013;20:6-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eshak GA, Ahmed HM, Abdel Gawad EA. Gender determination from hand bones length and volume using multidetector computed tomography: a study in Egyptian people. J Forensic Leg Med. 2011;18:246-252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eshak GA, Ahmed HM, Abdel Gawad EA. Gender determination from hand bones length and volume using multidetector computed tomography: a study in Egyptian people. J Forensic Leg Med. 2011;18:246-252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manolis SK, Eliopoulos C, Koilias CG, et al. Sex determination using metacarpal biometric data from the Athens Collection. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;193:130.e1-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manolis SK, Eliopoulos C, Koilias CG, et al. Sex determination using metacarpal biometric data from the Athens Collection. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;193:130.e1-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mastrangelo P, De Luca S, Alemán I, et al. Sex assessment from the carpals bones: discriminant function analysis in a 20th century Spanish sample. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;206:216.e1-10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mastrangelo P, De Luca S, Alemán I, et al. Sex assessment from the carpals bones: discriminant function analysis in a 20th century Spanish sample. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;206:216.e1-10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanchan T, Pradeep Kumar G. Index and ring finger ratio--a morphologic sex determinant in South-Indian children. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2010;6:255-260</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanchan T, Pradeep Kumar G. Index and ring finger ratio--a morphologic sex determinant in South-Indian children. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2010;6:255-260</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozsoy T, Oner Z, Oner S. An attempt to gender determine with phalanx length and the ratio of phalanxes to whole phalanx length in direct hand radiography. Medicine Science. 2019;8(3):692-697</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozsoy T, Oner Z, Oner S. An attempt to gender determine with phalanx length and the ratio of phalanxes to whole phalanx length in direct hand radiography. Medicine Science. 2019;8(3):692-697</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takai Sh. Metacarpal and Phalangeal Lengths Are Influenced by Row-related Factor. Human Biology. 1978;50(1):51-56</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takai Sh. Metacarpal and Phalangeal Lengths Are Influenced by Row-related Factor. Human Biology. 1978;50(1):51-56</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khayrullin RM. Morfologicheskie tipy kisti v yunosheskom periode individual'nogo razvitiya. Morfologicheskie vedomosti. 2001;1-2:103-105. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khayrullin RM. Morfologicheskie tipy kisti v yunosheskom periode individual'nogo razvitiya. Morfologicheskie vedomosti. 2001;1-2:103-105. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filippova EN, Khayrullin RM. Individual'naya izmenchivost' morfometricheskikh parametrov pal'tsevykh dermatoglifov kisti. Morfologiya. 2001;120(4):87-88. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova EN, Khayrullin RM. Individual'naya izmenchivost' morfometricheskikh parametrov pal'tsevykh dermatoglifov kisti. Morfologiya. 2001;120(4):87-88. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khayrullin RM, Fomina AV, Aynullova NK. Variabel'nost' znacheniy 2d:4d pal'tsevogo indeksa u dikikh i laboratornykh zhivotnykh. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. 2013;6-3:611-618. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khayrullin RM, Fomina AV, Aynullova NK. Variabel'nost' znacheniy 2d:4d pal'tsevogo indeksa u dikikh i laboratornykh zhivotnykh. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. 2013;6-3:611-618. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alekseev VP. Osteometriya. Metodika antropologicheskikh issledovaniy. – M.: Nauka, 1966. – 250s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev V.P. Osteometriya. Metodika antropologicheskikh issledovaniy. – M.: Nauka, 1966. – 250s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ermolenko AS, Khayrullin RM. Kist' sovremennogo cheloveka po dannym rentgenoosteometrii. Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT, 2011. – 152s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermolenko AS, Khayrullin RM. Kist' sovremennogo cheloveka po dannym rentgenoosteometrii. Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT, 2011. – 152s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bikbaeva TS, Aleshkina OYu, Nikolenko VN, Fomkina OA. Polovaya izmenchivost' dlin proksimal'nykh falang 2–5 pal'tsev kisti i ikh vzaimosvyazi u lyudey 2 perioda zrelogo vozrasta. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. 2015;(1-10): 2015-2018. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikbaeva TS, Aleshkina OYu, Nikolenko VN, Fomkina OA. Polovaya izmenchivost' dlin proksimal'nykh falang 2–5 pal'tsev kisti i ikh vzaimosvyazi u lyudey 2 perioda zrelogo vozrasta. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. 2015;(1-10): 2015-2018. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bikbaeva TS. Izmenchivost' i polovoy dimorfizm falang II-V pal'tsev kisti vzroslykh lyudey. Diss. na soisk. uch. st. kand. med. nauk. – Saratov, SGMU imeni V.I. Razumovskogo, 2009. – 118s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bikbaeva TS. Izmenchivost' i polovoy dimorfizm falang II-V pal'tsev kisti vzroslykh lyudey. Diss. na soisk. uch. st. kand. med. nauk. – Saratov, SGMU imeni V.I. Razumovskogo, 2009. – 118s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
