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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2023.31(4).826</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-826</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРЕНАТАЛЬНЫЙ ОНТОГЕНЕЗ СВЯЗОК НАДКОЛЕННИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE PRENATAL ONTOGENESIS OF HUMAN PATELLAR LIGAMENTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иманова</surname><given-names>Вилена Раисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imanova</surname><given-names>Vilena R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры анатомии человека</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.r.imanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вагапова</surname><given-names>Василя Шарифьяновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vagapova</surname><given-names>Vasilya Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры анатомии человека</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anatombsmu@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбалко</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybalko</surname><given-names>Dmitry Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры анатомии человека</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybalko_dy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меньшикова</surname><given-names>Зульфия Фаиковна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Men'shikova</surname><given-names>Zul'phiya F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии и сестринского дела с уходом за больными</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy and Nursing with Patient Care</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vagapova.z77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почуева</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochueva</surname><given-names>Natal'ya N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры анатомии человека</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pochueva1975@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иманова В.Р., Вагапова В.Ш., Рыбалко Д.Ю., Меньшикова З.Ф., Почуева Н.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иманова В.Р., Вагапова В.Ш., Рыбалко Д.Ю., Меньшикова З.Ф., Почуева Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Imanova V.R., Vagapova V.S., Rybalko D.Y., Men'shikova Z.F., Pochueva N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/826">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/826</self-uri><abstract><p>Этиологию заболеваний коленного сустава в настоящее время связывают с диспластическими нарушениями, формирующимися уже в пренатальном онтогенезе. Цель исследования - выявить особенности дифференцировки гистологической структуры, различий точек фиксации и направления волокон связок надколенника в пренатальном периоде развития человека. Материалами исследования послужили гистологические срезы коленных суставов 20 эмбрионов и плодов обоего пола в возрасте от 6 до 38 недель, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином и по Ван-Гизону. В ходе исследования выявлены особенности дифференцировки клеточного состава, сроки формирования коллагеновых волокон различного типа на разных сроках пренатального онтогенеза и двухслойное строение медиальной и латеральной поддерживающих связок, связки надколенника, связанных между собой солитарными волокнами. Определена этапность развития анатомических структур связочного аппарата коленного сустава. Приведенные особенности строения связок надколенника позволяют утверждать о формировании у плода человека единого морфологического комплекса «сухожилия четырехглавой мышцы бедра – надколенник». Полученные данные позволяют также считать, что надколенник у плода человека имеет более прочную фиксацию с медиальной стороны, чем с латеральной стороны за счет пучков сухожилия медиальной широкой мышцы бедра и связки надколенника. К моменту рождения надколенник и производные сухожилий четырехглавой мышцы бедра представляют собой единый морфологический комплекс коленного сустава. Между поверхностным и глубоким слоями связок надколенника имеются солитарные пучки коллагеновых волокон, переходящие из одного слоя в другой, обеспечивающие с одной стороны прочность, с другой – синхронность развития функций связок. Именно этим можно объяснить отклонение верхушки надколенника к моменту рождения от длинной оси бедра в медиальную сторону, обусловливающее вальгусное положение нижней конечности у новорожденных. Полученные результаты исследования могут иметь прикладное значение в совершенствовании диагностики и хирургическом лечении нарушений развития опорно-двигательного аппарата в детской ортопедии и травматологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The etiology of diseases of the knee joint is currently associated with dysplastic disorders that develop already in prenatal ontogenesis. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of differentiation of the histological structure, differences in points of fixation and direction of fibers of the patellar ligaments in the prenatal period of human development. The research materials included histological sections of the knee joints of 20 embryos and fetuses of both sexes aged from 6 to 38 weeks, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson. The study revealed the features of differentiation of cellular composition, the timing of the formation of collagen fibers of various types at different stages of prenatal ontogenesis and the two-layer structure of the medial and lateral suspensory ligaments, the patellar ligament, interconnected by solitary fibers. The stages of development of the anatomical structures of the ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint have been determined. The given structural features of the patellar ligaments allow us to assert the formation in the human fetus of a single morphological complex “quadriceps femoris tendon - patella”. The data obtained also suggest that the patella in the human fetus has a stronger fixation on the medial side than on the lateral side due to the tendon bundles of the vastus medialis muscle and the patellar ligament. By the time of birth, the patella and derivatives of the tendons of the quadriceps femoris muscle represent a single morphological complex of the knee joint. Between the superficial and deep layers of the patellar ligament there are solitary bundles of collagen fibers, passing from one layer to another, providing strength on the one hand, and synchronicity in the development of ligament functions on the other. This is precisely what can explain the deviation of the apex of the patella at the time of birth from the long axis of the femur to the medial side, causing the valgus position of the lower limb in newborns. The results of the study may have practical significance in improving the diagnosis and surgical treatment of developmental disorders of the musculoskeletal system in pediatric orthopedics and traumatology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>надколенник</kwd><kwd>связки надколенника</kwd><kwd>развитие</kwd><kwd>пренатальный онтогенез</kwd><kwd>коленный сустав</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>patella</kwd><kwd>patellar ligament</kwd><kwd>development</kwd><kwd>prenatal ontogenesis</kwd><kwd>knee joint</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhmetdinova EKh, Vagapova V. Fibroarkhitektonika mest fiksatsii svyazok nadkolennika u plodov i novorozhdennykh detey. Meditsinsky vestnik Bashkortostana. 2015;10 (1):65-68. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhmetdinova EKh, Vagapova V. 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