morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2024.32(4).834morpho-834Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSСОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О МОРФОЛОГИИ СОНННОГО ГЛОМУСАMODERN CONCEPTS ABOUT THE CAROTID GLOMUS MORPHOLOGYhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-9417ГанинаЕлена СергеевнаGaninaElena S.

ведущий специалист учебно-исследовательской лаборатории «Морфология», аспирант кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии

Leading Specialist of the "Morphology" teaching and research Laboratory, Aspirantin of the Histology and Embryology Department

ganin4el@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7228-1003ГригорьеваЮлия ВладимировнаGrigor'evaYuliya V.

доцент, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры гистологии и эмбриологии

Docent, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Histology and Embryology Department

yu.v.grigoreva@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-1344СувороваГалина НиколаевнаSuvorovaGalina N.

профессор, доктор биологических наук, заведующая кафедрой гистологии и эмбриологии

Professor, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Histology and Embryology Department

g.n.suvorova@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-1958КорниловВадим ДмитриевичKornilovVadim D.

директор учебно-исследовательской лаборатории «Морфология», аспирант кафедры анатомии человека

Director of the "Morphology" teaching and research Laboratory, Aspirant of the Human Anatomy Department

v.d.kornilov@samsmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0783-6939ТемниковВладимир ИгоревичTemnikovVladimir I.

врач-патологоанатом

Pathologist

darkpunishment@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-5885СеврюковаВиктория НиколаевнаSevryukovaVictoria N.

аспирант кафедры факультетской хирургии

Aspirantin of the Faculty Surgery Department

vika_s24@mail.ruСамарский государственный медицинский университет, СамараРоссияSamara State Medical University, SamaraRussian FederationТольяттинская городская клиническая больница № 5, ТольяттиРоссияTolyatti City Clinical Hospital № 5, TolyattiRussian Federation202420122024324id-834 Cтатья опубликована / The Article is publishedCopyright © Ганина Е.С., Григорьева Ю.В., Суворова Г.Н., Корнилов В.Д., Темников В.И., Севрюкова В.Н., 20242024Ганина Е.С., Григорьева Ю.В., Суворова Г.Н., Корнилов В.Д., Темников В.И., Севрюкова В.Н.Ganina E.S., Grigor'eva Y.V., Suvorova G.N., Kornilov V.D., Temnikov V.I., Sevryukova V.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/834

Каротидный гломус glomus caroticum– хеморецепторный орган параганглионарной системы, функционально стимулируемый гипоксией, гиперкапнией и ацидозом. Актуальность его изучения обусловлена его способностью регулировать уровень артериального давления и частоту сердечных сокращений. Значимость изучения структуры этого органа обусловлена каротидной эндартерэктомии при атеросклерозе внутренней сонной артерии с ее стенозом в сочетании с симптомами нарушений мозгового кровообращения. Значительная анатомическая вариабельность его иннервации и кровоснабжения, быстрые посмертные патоморфологические изменения и предрасположенность тканей к появлению артефактов при изготовлении гистологических препаратов усложняют интерпретацию результатов морфологических исследований. Цель обзора - представить материал, объединяющий сведения о строении каротидного клубочка на органном, тканевом, клеточном и субклеточном уровнях его организации. Для поиска информации использовались следующие научные базы данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Europe PubMed Central, HubMed, eLibrary.ru, КиберЛенинка, Google Академия. Ключевыми словами в поиске выступали такие как каротидное тело, каротидный гломус, сонный гломус, carotid body, carotid glomus. Из 44 валидных научных публикаций 9 написано российскими учеными, 35 - зарубежными авторами. Анализ строения гломуса на макроскопическом уровне свидетельствует о вариабельности числа, симметричности расположения, а также формы этого органа. Световая микроскопия позволила отнести его к органам паренхиматозного типа строения с наличием структурно-функциональной единицы - гломерулы. Иммуногистохимическое исследование помогло верифицировать клетки паренхимы и классифицировать их на два типа, а ультраструктурный анализ помог сформировать представление о содержимом этих клеток и их межклеточных взаимодействиях. На основе полученных данных обосновывается актуальность дальнейшего изучения возрастных и реактивных изменений каротидного гломуса, а также его роли в развитии артериальной гипертензии, бронхиальной астмы, хронической обструктивной болезни легких, опухолей головы и шеи и других, связанных с его функцией, патологических процессов. Морфологические исследования каротидного гломуса могут предоставить новые факты для развития морфологии человека, повысить эффективность терапии пациентов с заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной, нервной систем. Для этого необходимо уточнить некоторые ключевые моменты, в частности, морфологию поддерживающих клеток второго типа, более детально определить типы межклеточных контактов в гломеруле, решить классификационные проблемы в описании главных клеток гломуса.

The carotid glomus (glomus caroticum) is a chemoreceptor organ of the paraganglionic system, functionally stimulated by hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis. The relevance of its study is due to its ability to regulate blood pressure and heart rate. The importance of studying the structure of this organ is due to carotid endarterectomy in atherosclerosis of the internal carotid artery with its stenosis in combination with symptoms of cerebrovascular accidents. Significant anatomical variability of its innervation and blood supply, rapid postmortem pathomorphological changes and tissue predisposition to artifacts during the preparation of histological preparations complicate the interpretation of the results of morphological studies. The objective of the review is to present material combining information on the structure of the carotid glomerulus at the organ, tissue, cellular and subcellular levels of its organization. The following scientific databases were used to search for information: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Europe PubMed Central, HubMed, e-Library.ru, CyberLeninka, Google Academy. The keywords in the search were carotid body, carotid glomus. Of the 44 valid scientific publications, 9 were written by Russian scientists, 35 - by foreign authors. Analysis of the structure of the glomus at the macroscopic level indicates variability in the number, symmetry of location, and shape of this organ. Light microscopy allowed us to classify it as an organ of the parenchymatous type of structure with the presence of a structural and functional unit - the glomerulus. Immunohistochemical research helped to verify the parenchyma cells and classify them into two types, and ultrastructural analysis helped to form an idea of ​​the contents of these cells and their intercellular interactions. Based on the data obtained, the relevance of further study of age-related and reactive changes in the carotid glomus, as well as its role in the development of arterial hypertension, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, head and neck tumors and other pathological processes associated with its function is substantiated. Morphological studies of the carotid glomus can provide new facts for the development of human morphology, increase the effectiveness of therapy for patients with diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. For this, it is necessary to clarify some key points, in particular, the morphology of the supporting cells of the second type, to determine in more detail the types of intercellular contacts in the glomerulus, and to solve classification problems in the description of the main cells of the glomerulus.

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