morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2024.32(1).848morpho-848Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSМОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МИКРООКРУЖЕНИЯ РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫMORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BREAST CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT: SCIENTIFIC REVIEWhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-7912МниховичМаксим ВалерьевичMnikhovichMaksim V.

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher of the Central Pathology Laboratory

mnichmaxim@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-1594АхсановаПолина АлексеевнаAkhsanovaPolina A.

студентка

Studentin

doc.polina.tarasova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2949-1432БезугловаТатьяна ВасильевнаBezuglovaTat'yana V.

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории, заместитель директора по научной работе

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Central Pathology Laboratory, Deputy Director at Science Activity

bezuglovat@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-1523ЕрофееваЛюдмила МихайловнаErofeevaLyudmila M.

доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории

Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Central Pathology Laboratory

gystology@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-2747ШирипенкоИван АлександровичShiripenkoIvan A.

студент Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета имени Н.И. Пирогова; лаборант-исследователь центральной патологоанатомической лаборатории Российского научного центра хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского

Student of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Laboratory Assistant-Researcher of the Central Pathology Laboratory of the Academician Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery

hikkiwahikki@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1102-1133СидороваОльга АлександровнаSidorovaOl'ga A.

студентка

Studentin

sidela25@yandex.ruЛозинаМилена ВладиславовнаLozinaMilena V.

инженер-исследователь музейно-коллекционной группы

Research Engineer of the Museum and Collection Group

puzar.mila@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-4157ДроноваМарина ВасильевнаDronovaMarina V.

судебно-медицинский эксперт, старший преподаватель кафедры медицинских дисциплин и безопасности жизнедеятельности 

Forensic Medicine Expert, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Medical Disciplines and Life Safety

m_dronova@mail.ruРоссийский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского, МоскваРоссияAcademician Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, MoscowRussian FederationРоссийский университет дружбы народов, МоскваРоссияRussian Peoples Friendship University, MoscowRussian FederationРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова, Москва; Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского, МоскваРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Academician Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, MoscowRussian FederationРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова, МоскваРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University, MoscowRussian FederationРоссийский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского, МоскваРоссияAcademician Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, MoscowRussian FederationЕлецкий государственный университет имени И.А. Бунина, ЕлецРоссияBunin Yelets State University, YeletsRussian Federation202404072024321ID-848Copyright © Мнихович М.В., Ахсанова П.А., Безуглова Т.В., Ерофеева Л.М., Ширипенко И.А., Сидорова О.А., Лозина М.В., Дронова М.В., 20242024Мнихович М.В., Ахсанова П.А., Безуглова Т.В., Ерофеева Л.М., Ширипенко И.А., Сидорова О.А., Лозина М.В., Дронова М.В.Mnikhovich M.V., Akhsanova P.A., Bezuglova T.V., Erofeeva L.M., Shiripenko I.A., Sidorova O.A., Lozina M.V., Dronova M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/848

Рак молочной железы представляет собой гетерогенное злокачественное заболевание с широким разнообразием морфологии, молекулярных характеристик и клинической картины. Микроокружение опухоли играет важную роль в формировании поведенческого фенотипа опухоли и ее ответе на лечение, что делает его оценку критически важным в выборе терапевтической тактики. Однако практические аспекты использования данных о микроокружении рака молочной железы недостаточно исследованы. Цель исследования – систематизация морфологических и функциональных характеристик основных клеточных типов в опухолевом микроокружении рака молочной железы и анализ возможности практического использования этих данных. Материалом послужили базы научных данных, информационных и библиотечных ресурсов по соответствующим ключевым словам, в анализ взята литература с 2018 по 2023 годы. Показано, что компоненты опухолевой стромы, как клеточный компонент, так и внеклеточный матрикс, играют особую роль в канцерогенезе, причем эта роль не всегда однозначна. Анализ клеточного полиморфизма и типов опухолевого микроокружения не должен ограничивается только исследовательским интересом, но должен быть также неотъемлемой частью гистопатологической характеристики конкретного клинического случая для возможности его дальнейшего практического применения. Опухолевое микроокружение является не просто стромой, питающей опухолевую ткань, но и активным участником канцерогенеза. В состав опухолевого микроокружения рака молочной железы входят клеточный и внеклеточный компоненты, каждый из которых имеет свои функциональные и морфологические подтипы. Клетки опухолевого микроокружения обладают функциональным полиморфизмом, что создает трудности на пути к получению полноценного представления о канцерогенезе и взаимовлиянии в системе «опухолевая клетка – микроокружение». Анализ компонентов опухолевого микроокружения, выяснение его роли и сложных механизмов клеточного взаимодействия микроокружения c опухолевой тканью, в том числе с использованием технологий искусственного интеллекта, могут существенно продвинуть знания о механизмах развития рака молочной железы для разработки эффективных технологий его предупреждения и лечения.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease with a wide variety of morphology, molecular characteristics and clinical presentation. In the formation of the tumor behavioral phenotype and its response to treatment an important role in the formation of the tumor behavioral phenotype and its response to treatment plays the tumor microenvironment, which makes its assessment critical in choosing therapeutic tactics. However, the practical aspects of using breast cancer microenvironment data are insufficiently studied. The aim of the study is to systematize the morphological and functional characteristics of the main cell types in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment and analyze the possibility practical use of these data. The material was scientific databases, information and library resources for the relevant keywords, the analysis included literature from 2018 to 2023. It is shown that the components of the tumor stroma, both the cellular component and the extracellular matrix, play a special role in carcinogenesis, and this role is not always unambiguous. Analysis of cell polymorphism and tumor microenvironment types should not be limited to research interest only, but should also be an integral part of the histopathological characteristics of a specific clinical case for the possibility of its further practical application. The tumor microenvironment is not just a stroma that feeds the tumor tissue, but also an active participant in carcinogenesis. The breast cancer tumor microenvironment includes cellular and extracellular components, each of which has its own functional and morphological subtypes. Tumor microenvironment cells have functional polymorphism, which creates difficulties on the way to obtaining a complete picture of carcinogenesis and mutual influence in the «tumor cell – microenvironment» system. Analysis of the components of the tumor microenvironment, elucidation of its role and complex mechanisms of cellular interaction of the microenvironment with tumor tissue, including the use of artificial intelligence technologies, can significantly advance knowledge about the mechanisms of breast cancer development for the development of effective technologies for prevention and treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.