morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2024.32(3).849morpho-849Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯRESEARCH ARTICLESМОРФОЛОГИЯ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У КРЫС В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ АЛКОГОЛЬНОЙ ИНТОКСИКАЦИЕЙ И САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ I ТИПАTHE RAT’S PANCREAS MORPHOLOGY AN EXPERIMENT WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-6887ЗавьяловСергей НиколаевичZav'yalovSergey N.

ассистент кафедры гистологии, эмбриологии и цитологии

Assistant of the Histology, Embryology and Cytology Department

chegresssss@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-9833-3554АхмедзяновРоман ВильдановичAkhmedzyanovRoman V.

студент

Student

akhmedroman@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-1605-8885КузьминаСофья СергеевнаKuz'minaSof'ya S.

студентка

Studentin

s0nkuz28@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-9646-055XТеуновЕгор ЕвгеньевичTeunovEgor E.

студент

Student

egor.teunov@yandex.ruЮжно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет, ЧелябинскРоссияSouth Ural State Medical University, ChelyabinskRussian Federation202415122024323id-849 Cтатья опубликована / The Article is publishedCopyright © Завьялов С.Н., Ахмедзянов Р.В., Кузьмина С.С., Теунов Е.Е., 20242024Завьялов С.Н., Ахмедзянов Р.В., Кузьмина С.С., Теунов Е.Е.Zav'yalov S.N., Akhmedzyanov R.V., Kuz'mina S.S., Teunov E.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/849

Хроническая алкогольная интоксикация и сахарный диабет 1 типа являются растущей проблемой здравоохранения в современном мире, актуальность их изучения как в клинике, так и в эксперименте сохраняется до настоящего времени. Сочетанное влияние двух этих заболеваний на состояние экзокринной и эндокринной части поджелудочной железы остается до конца неизученным. Целью настоящего исследования является оценка роли хронической алкогольной интоксикации в нарушениях структуры и функции поджелудочной железы крыс с экспериментальным сахарным диабетом 1 типа. Сахарный диабет 1 типа моделировали стандартным методом с использованием аллоксана. Хроническую алкогольную интоксикацию моделировали путем принудительной алкоголизации животных 15% раствором этанола в течении 30 дней. Гистологическому исследованию и морфометрии подвергли тотальные срезы поджелудочной железы крыс трех групп – интактных животных, животных с экспериментальным сахарным диабетом 1 типа и животных с экспериментальным сахарным диабетом 1 типа, отягощенным хронической алкогольной интоксикацией. На препаратах, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином, паральдегид-фуксином и толуидиновым синим анализировали общую структуру поджелудочной железы, измеряли площади ацинусов и панкреатических островков, подсчитывали количество соответствующих клеток. В ходе исследования было установлено, что у крыс с сочетанным влиянием изучаемых патологий степень выраженности патоморфологических изменений в тканях поджелудочной железы была значительно выше, как по сравнению с интактными животными, так и по сравнению с крысами с вызванным аллоксаном сахарным диабетом. Эти изменения в первую очередь проявляются в усиленном фиброзировании тканей поджелудочной железы, деструктивных изменениях в ацинусах, изменениях сосудистого русла и торможении развития компенсаторных механизмов, направленных на восстановление эндокринного аппарата органа. Отсюда следует, что хроническая интоксикация алкоголем в значительной мере влияет на состояние как экзокринной, так и эндокринных частей поджелудочной железы у крыс с экспериментально вызванным сахарным диабетом 1 типа.

Chronic alcohol intoxication and type 1 diabetes mellitus are a growing health problem in the modern world, the relevance of their study both in the clinic and in the experiment remains to this day. The combined effect of these two diseases on the state of the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas remains unexplored. The aim of this study is to assess the role of chronic alcohol intoxication in disorders of the structure and function of the pancreas of rats with experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was modeled by a standard method using alloxan. Chronic alcohol intoxication was modeled by forced alcoholization of animals with a 15% ethanol solution for 30 days. Histological examination and morphometry were performed on total sections of the pancreas of rats from three groups: intact animals, animals with experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus, and animals with experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic alcohol intoxication. The general structure of the pancreas was analyzed on preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin, paraldehyde fuchsin, and toluidine blue, the areas of acini and pancreatic islets were measured, and the number of corresponding cells was counted. The study established that the degree of expression of pathomorphological changes in pancreatic tissues was significantly higher in rats with the combined effect of the pathologies under study, both in intact animals and in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. These changes are primarily manifested in increased fibrosis of pancreatic tissue, destructive changes in acinis, changes in the vascular bed and inhibition of the development of compensatory mechanisms aimed at restoring the endocrine apparatus of the organ. It follows that chronic alcohol intoxication significantly affects the condition of both the exocrine and endocrine parts of the pancreas in rats with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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