morphoМорфологические ведомостиMorphological newsletter1812-31712686-8741Private Medical University REAVIZ10.20340/mv-mn.2024.32(4).873morpho-873Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSКОЖНЫЕ РАНЫ И ИХ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕSKIN WOUNDS AND THEIR EXPERIMENTAL MODELINGhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-6874БулгаковаВарвара ВикторовнаBulgakovaVarvara V.

студентка

Studentin

varya.bulgakova.02@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-4176-8793ДоронинаПолина АндреевнаDoroninaPolina A.

студентка

Studentin

pasha.dodo1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-6336ЧерешневаЕлизавета ВасильевнаChereshnevaElizaveta V.

доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека

Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Human Anatomy and Histology Department

yelizaveta.new@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-4609ИвановаМарина ЮрьевнаIvanovaMarina Yu.

доцент, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека

Docent, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Human Anatomy and Histology Department

ivanova_m_y@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8581-338XЦомартоваЭлина СослановнаTsomartovaElina S.

кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Human Anatomy and Histology Department

elina.tsomartova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-0623ПаюшинаОльга ВикторовнаPayushinaOl'ga V.

доцент, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры анатомии и гистологии человека

Docent, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor of the Human Anatomy and Histology Department

payushina@mail.ruПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова, МоскваРоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University, MoscowRussian Federation202416122024324id-873 Cтатья опубликована / The Article is publishedCopyright © Булгакова В.В., Доронина П.А., Черешнева Е.В., Иванова М.Ю., Цомартова Э.С., Паюшина О.В., 20242024Булгакова В.В., Доронина П.А., Черешнева Е.В., Иванова М.Ю., Цомартова Э.С., Паюшина О.В.Bulgakova V.V., Doronina P.A., Chereshneva E.V., Ivanova M.Y., Tsomartova E.S., Payushina O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/873

Заживление кожных ран представляет собой сложный процесс с участием многих типов клеток и медиаторов. Изучение механизмов регенерации кожи требует создания экспериментальных моделей, позволяющих анализировать динамику раневого процесса, выявлять влияющие на него факторы и разрабатывать новые методы лечения. Цель исследования – обобщение имеющихся в мировой литературе сведений о патогенезе раневого процесса и экспериментальных моделях механического повреждения кожи. Материал и методы исследования - статьи, опубликованные в научных изданиях и доступные для поиска в сети Интернет (базы данных eLibrary и PubMed). Поиск осуществлялся по следующим ключевым словам: кожные раны, реге-нерация кожи, заживление ран, ссадины, линейные раны, инцизионные раны, эксцизионные раны, skin wounds, skin regeneration, wound healing, abrations, linear wound, incisional wound, excisional wound. В результате анализа усыновлено, что процесс репаративной регенерации кожи включает три взаимосвязанных этапа: гемостаз и воспаление, пролиферацию клеток и восстановление тканей и ремоделирование. Несмотря на то, что некоторые аспекты заживления ран могут быть изучены in vitro, воспроизведение регенеративного процесса в условиях целостного организма требует использования лабораторных животных. Как правило, кожные раны моделируют на крысах и мышах, реже используют более крупных животных (кроликов, свиней, овец). Модели механического повреждения кожи используют для оценки терапевтического эффекта ранозаживляющих средств, перевязочных материалов, физиотерапевтических методов воздействия на регенеративный процесс, таких, как фототерапия лазерным излучением и электромеханическая стимуляция. Состояние поврежденной кожи анализируют морфометрическими, гистологическими, иммуногистохимическими и молекулярно-генетическими методами. Наиболее распространенные модели механического повреждения кожи – это ссадины, полнослойные линейные и эксцизионные раны. Они могут служить основой для воспроизведения хронических ран, заживление которых затруднено нарушениями метаболизма или иммунного статуса, дисциркуляторными расстройствами, инфекциями или другими причинами. При изучении повреждений кожи следует помнить о неполном соответствии характера и процессов ее регенерации у животных и человека, в связи с чем результаты моделирования требуют подтверждения в соответствующих клинических исследованиях.

Skin wound healing is a complex process involving many types of cells and mediators. Studying the mechanisms of skin regeneration requires creating experimental models that would allow analyzing the dynamics of the wound process, identifying factors influencing it, and developing new treatment methods. The aim of the study was to summarize the information available in the world literature on the pathogenesis of the wound process and experimental models of mechanical damage to the skin. Material and methods of the study were articles published in scientific journals and available for searching on the Internet (eLibrary and PubMed databases). The search was carried out using the following keywords: skin wounds, skin regeneration, wound healing, abrasions, linear wound, incisional wound, excisional wound. As a result of the analysis, it was adopted that the process of reparative skin regeneration includes three interrelated stages: hemostasis and inflammation, cell proliferation and tissue restoration and remodeling. Although some aspects of wound healing can be studied in vitro, reproduction of the regenerative process in a whole organism requires the use of laboratory animals. As a rule, skin wounds are modeled on rats and mice, and larger animals (rabbits, pigs, sheep) are used less often. Models of mechanical skin damage are used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of wound-healing agents, wound dressing materials, physiotherapeutic methods of influencing the regenerative process, such as laser phototherapy and electromechanical stimulation. The condition of the damaged skin is analyzed by morphometric, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic methods. The most common models of mechanical skin damage are abrasions, full-layer linear and excisional wounds. They can serve as a basis for reproducing chronic wounds whose healing is hampered by metabolic or immune status disorders, circulatory disorders, infections, or other causes. When studying skin damage, one should remember that the nature and processes of its regeneration in animals and humans do not fully correspond, and therefore the results of modeling require confirmation in appropriate clinical studies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.