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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2024.32(3).884</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-884</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГЕТЕРОМОРФИЯ ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНОЙ ВЫСТИЛКИ КЛОАКИ У ТРАВЯНОЙ ЛЯГУШКИ RANA TEMPORARIA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE CLOACA EPITHELIAL LAYER HETEROMORPHY IN THE GRASS FROG RANA TEMPORARIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2390-9927</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель кафедры гистологии с курсом эмбриологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturerin of the Histology with Embryology Course Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">comi27@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3910-2621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слуцкая</surname><given-names>Дина Радиковна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slutskaya</surname><given-names>Dina R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры гистологии с курсом эмбриологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Docent, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Assistant Professor of the Histology with Embryology Course Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dina_hanieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-7402</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинцова</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odintsova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой гистологии с курсом эмбриологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Histology with Embryology Course Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">odintsova-irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова, Санкт-Петербург<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>id-884 Cтатья опубликована / The Article is published</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комарова А.С., Слуцкая Д.Р., Одинцова И.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комарова А.С., Слуцкая Д.Р., Одинцова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarova A.S., Slutskaya D.R., Odintsova I.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/884">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/884</self-uri><abstract><p>У амфибий клоака формируется в период эмбриогенеза и функционирует в течение жизни. Клоака как временное (провизорное) образование существует и в раннем эмбриогенезе человека, а нарушение ее развития влечет за собой ряд врожденных патологий, одна из которых – персистирующая клоака. Понять гистогенетические причины возникновения врожденных аномалий можно с учетом филогенетических исследований. Отправной точкой для них может служить выявление гистогенетических особенностей формирования клоаки, ее эпителиальной выстилки и производных на примере амфибий (Лягушка травяная, Rana temporaria), птиц, млекопитающих и человека. Цель исследования – охарактеризовать эпителиальную выстилку клоаки у амфибий. Объектом исследования послужил каудальный отдел желудочно-кишечного тракта взрослых особей вида Лягушка травяная (Rana temporaria, n=10). На парафиновых срезах, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином, проводили морфометрический анализ эпителиоцитов трех частей клоаки – кожной, мочевой и кишечной. Измеряли кариометрические параметры: длинную и короткую оси ядра, площадь ядра, элонгацию ядра. В результате морфометрического анализа установлено, что протяженность частей клоаки лягушки различается. В кожной части она составляет – 893±82,2 мкм, в мочевой – 320±29,2 мкм, в кишечной – 1092±110 мкм. Эпителиальная выстилка каждой из трех частей клоаки характеризуется гетероморфией клеток. Кожная часть представлена многослойным ослизненным эпителием, который по линии соприкосновения с эпителием мочевой части обрывается и далее выстилка продолжается иным по строению и морфометрическим параметрам эпителием. В области соприкосновения с кишечным эпителием также наблюдается четкая линия разграничения. Эпителиальная выстилка каждой из трех частей клоаки характеризуется не только различиями в морфологии, но и различиями в кариометрических показателях клеток, что указывает на различные эмбриональные источники развития. Морфометрический анализ клеточного состава эпителиальной выстилки разных частей клоаки лягушки позволяет проводить дифференциальную диагностику разных частей аноректального тракта в эмбриогенезе высших позвоночных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In amphibians, the cloaca is formed during embryogenesis and functions throughout life. The cloaca as a temporary (provisional) formation also exists in early human embryogenesis, and its developmental disturbances lead to a number of congenital pathologies, one of which is persistent cloaca. Understanding the histogenetic causes of congenital anomalies can be achieved by taking into account phylogenetic studies. The starting point for them can be the identification of histogenetic features of the formation of the cloaca, its epithelial layer and derivatives using amphibians (Grass frog, Rana temporaria), birds, mammals and humans as an example. The purpose of the study is to characterize the epithelial layer of the cloaca in amphibians. The object of the study was the caudal section of the gastrointestinal tract of adult individuals of the species Rana temporaria, n=10. Morphometric analysis of epithelial cells of three parts of the cloaca - cutaneous, urinary and intestinal - was performed on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The following karyometric parameters were measured: long and short axes of the nucleus, nuclear area, and nuclear elongation. As a result of morphometric analysis, it was established that the length of the frog cloaca parts varies. In the cutaneous part it is 893±82,2 μm, in the urinary part - 320±29,2 μm, in the intestinal part - 1092±110 μm. The epithelial layer of each of the three parts of the cloaca is characterized by cell heteromorphism. The skin part is represented by a multilayered mucous epithelium, which breaks off along the line of contact with the epithelium of the urinary part and then the layer continues with an epithelium of a different structure and morphometric parameters. In the area of ​​contact with the intestinal epithelium, a clear demarcation line is also observed. The epithelial layer of each of the three parts of the cloaca is characterized not only by differences in morphology, but also by differences in the karyometric indices of the cells, which indicates different embryonic sources of development. Morphometric analysis of the cellular composition of the epithelial layer of different parts of the frog cloaca allows for differential diagnostics of different parts of the anorectal tract in the embryogenesis of higher vertebrates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клоака</kwd><kwd>эпителий</kwd><kwd>гетероморфия</kwd><kwd>кариометрия</kwd><kwd>лягушка травяная</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cloaca</kwd><kwd>epithelium</kwd><kwd>heteromorphy</kwd><kwd>karyometry</kwd><kwd>grass frog</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zavarzin AA. Kratkoe rukovodstvo po embriologii cheloveka i pozvonochnykh zhivotnykh. L.: Medgiz, 1938.- 215s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zavarzin AA. Kratkoe rukovodstvo po embriologii cheloveka i pozvonochnykh zhivotnykh. L.: Medgiz, 1938.- 215s. 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