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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2025.33(4).930</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-930</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РЕАКЦИЯ ТУЧНЫХ КЛЕТОК РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЗОН ПЕЧЕНИ В УСЛОВИЯХ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ НАГРУЗКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RESPONSE OF MAST CELLS IN DIFFERENT LIVER ZONES UNDER CONDITIONS OF SIMULATED PHYSICAL EXERCISE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-3691</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альпидовская</surname><given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al'pidovskaya</surname><given-names>Ol'ga V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей и клинической морфологии и судебной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of General and Clinical Morphology and Forensic Medicine</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olavorobeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-5537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышев</surname><given-names>Игорь Иванович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyshev</surname><given-names>Igor' I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры физиологии и патологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Physiology and Pathology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor.malyshev.41@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-8490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>Любовь Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>Lyubov' P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры дерматовенерологии с курсом гигиены</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Dermatovenerology and Hygiene</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyubasha_romanova_65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова, Чебоксары</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Марийский государственный университет, Йошкар-Ола</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mari State University, Yoshkar Ola</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>id-930</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Альпидовская О.В., Малышев И.И., Романова Л.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Альпидовская О.В., Малышев И.И., Романова Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Al'pidovskaya O.V., Malyshev I.I., Romanova L.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/930">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/930</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Тканевые клетки миелоидного ряда занимают уникальное звено среди клеток иммунного ответа и образуют кооперационные связи с нервной, эндокринной и иммунной системами. Печень, являясь центральным органом метаболизма, активно вовлекается в адаптационные процессы при физических нагрузках, однако роль тучных клеток в этих процессах остаётся недостаточно изученной.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить реакцию тучных клеток различных зон печени и уровень IL-6, ФНО-α в плазме крови в условиях моделирования физической нагрузки разной степени интенсивности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проведены на самцах крыс (n=32, масса 240 г), разделённых на четыре группы: контрольная (n=8), лёгкая физическая нагрузка (n=8), средняя физическая нагрузка (n=8) и тяжёлая физическая нагрузка (n=8). Физическую нагрузку моделировали методом принудительного плавания в ванне с водой температурой 29–32°С длительностью 15, 30 и до утомления (55–59 минут) соответственно. Всего выполнено 10 сеансов нагрузки. Образцы печени фиксировали в 10% нейтральном формалине, изготавливали парафиновые срезы, окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином, а также толуидиновым синим для выявления тучных клеток. Определяли плотность распределения тучных клеток, индекс дегрануляции тучных клеток (ИДТК), площадь клеток. В плазме крови методом ИФА определяли уровень ФНО-α и IL-6.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При лёгкой физической нагрузке статистически значимых изменений параметров тучных клеток и уровня цитокинов не отмечалось. При средней физической нагрузке число тучных клеток возросло в 1,6 раза, плотность распределения компактных форм снизилась в 1,1 раза, ИДТК увеличился в 1,4 раза. При тяжёлой физической нагрузке число тучных клеток возросло в 2,8 раза, доля компактных форм уменьшилась в 1,2 раза, ИДТК увеличился в 1,9 раза, площадь клеток увеличилась в 1,6 раза (p&lt;0,05). В плазме крови при тяжёлой нагрузке уровень ФНО-α повысился в 4,4 раза, IL-6 – в 2,6 раза (р&lt;0,001). Гистологически выявлялись дистрофические изменения гепатоцитов и воспалительные клеточные инфильтраты. Выявлены сильные корреляционные связи между ФНО-α, IL-6 и ИДТК (r=0,9, р&lt;0,05), а также между ФНО-α, IL-6 и уровнем тучных клеток (r=0,8, р&lt;0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Тучные клетки печени участвуют в развитии воспалительной реакции при интенсивных физических нагрузках, что проявляется увеличением их количества, активацией дегрануляции и коррелирует с повышением уровня провоспалительных цитокинов в крови.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Tissue myeloid cells occupy a unique position among immune response cells and form cooperative connections with the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The liver, being a central metabolic organ, is actively involved in adaptive processes during physical exercise; however, the role of mast cells in these processes remains insufficiently studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the response of mast cells in different liver zones and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in blood plasma under conditions of simulated physical exercise of varying intensity.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Experiments were conducted on male rats (n=32, body weight 240 g) divided into 4 groups: control (n=8), light exercise (n=8), moderate exercise (n=8), and heavy exercise (n=8). Physical exercise was modeled by forced swimming in a water bath at 29–32°C for 15, 30, and until exhaustion (55–59 minutes), respectively. A total of 10 exercise sessions were performed. Liver samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, paraffin sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as toluidine blue to detect mast cells. The distribution density of mast cells, mast cell degranulation index (MCDI), and cell area were determined. TNF-α and IL-6 levels in blood plasma were measured by ELISA.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Light exercise did not cause statistically significant changes in mast cell parameters or cytokine levels. Moderate exercise increased the number of mast cells by 1.6-fold, decreased the density of compact forms by 1.1-fold, and increased MCDI by 1.4-fold. Heavy exercise increased the number of mast cells by 2.8-fold, decreased the proportion of compact forms by 1.2-fold, increased MCDI by 1.9-fold, and increased cell area by 1.6-fold (p&lt;0.05). In blood plasma after heavy exercise, TNF-α levels increased by 4.4-fold and IL-6 by 2.6-fold (p&lt;0.001). Histologically, degenerative changes in hepatocytes and inflammatory cellular infiltrates were detected. Strong correlations were found between TNF-α, IL-6, and MCDI (r=0.9, p&lt;0.05), and between TNF-α, IL-6, and mast cell levels (r=0.8, p&lt;0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Hepatic mast cells participate in the development of inflammatory responses during intense physical exercise, manifested by increased numbers, activation of degranulation, and correlation with elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>физическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>тучные клетки</kwd><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>physical exertion</kwd><kwd>mast cells</kwd><kwd>liver</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wernersson S, Pejler G. Mast cell secretory granules: armed for battle. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:478–494. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3690</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wernersson S, Pejler G. Mast cell secretory granules: armed for battle. 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