<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2025.33(1).936</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-936</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АСИММЕТРИЯ МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЕРХНЕЙ И СРЕДНЕЙ ЧАСТЕЙ ЮНОШЕСКОГО ЛИЦА НЕ ЗАВИСИТ ОТ ЕГО ФОРМЫ И ФОРМЫ ЧЕРЕПА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ASYMMETRY OF YOUNG MEN FACES UPPER AND MIDDLE PARTS DO NOT DEPEND ON ITS SHAPE AND THE SKULL SHAPE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0277-3130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>Диана Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpenko</surname><given-names>Diana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель кафедры анатомии человека, оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of the Department of Human Anatomy, Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dianna.karpenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-3121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волошин</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voloshin</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры анатомии человека, оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Human Anatomy, Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">auditlgmu@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Луганский государственный медицинский университет имени Святители Луки, Луганск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Luke Lugansk State Medical University, Lugansk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>id-936 Cтатья опубликована / The Article is published</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпенко Д.В., Волошин В.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпенко Д.В., Волошин В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpenko D.V., Voloshin V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/936">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/936</self-uri><abstract><p>Лицо человека выполняет важную роль в процессе межличностного общения и является объектом исследования специалистов разных направлений, в том числе анатомов и антропологов. В настоящее время накоплен значительный опыт исследований морфометрических параметров лица разных групп населения, однако, в литературе отсутствуют сведения о билатеральном диморфизме этих параметров в верхней и средней частях лица в зависимости от формы черепа и формы самого лица. Цель исследования – определить пределы изменчивости различий (асимметрии) морфометрических параметров контрлатеральных половин верхней и средней частей лица юношей во фронтальной норме в зависимости от анатомической формы их черепа и лица. В исследовании приняли участие 140 юношей, средний возраст которых составил 19,1±0,7 лет. После определения формы черепа и формы лица юношей производили фотограмметрию аналогичных параметров верхней и средней частей лица во фронтальной норме. Для определения морфометрических параметров использовали кефалометрические точки trichion (tr), glabella (gl), nasion (n), subnasale (sn), zygion (zy), exocanthion (ex), еndocanthion (en), pupilla (p), alare (al), а также точки p1 и p2, расположенные на пересечении горизонтальной линии с контуром лица, проведенной через точку subnasale. При сравнении аналогичных размеров лица определяли разность («diff») между их средними значениями. Согласно полученным результатам, у юношей долихокефалов (n=45) статистически значимые различия отмечены при сравнении расстояний gl-zy слева и справа (соответственно 76,5±3,72 мм и 78,5±4,15 мм, diff=–2,02 мм; р=0,017), gl-р2 и gl-р1 (соответственно 91,8±4,72 мм и 93,9±5,04 мм, diff=–2,06 мм, р=0,049), а также n-zy  и n-zy_dext (соответственно 71,2±3,54 мм и 73,7±3,92 мм, diff=–2,55 мм, р=0,002). Подобные результаты были получены при изучении других групп юношей. Результаты исследования морфометрических параметров верхней и средней частей лица юношей во фронтальной норме демонстрируют преобладание значений размеров правой половины лица над аналогичными параметрами его левой половины. При этом указанные различия не зависят от формы черепа и формы лица.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The human face plays an important role in the process of interpersonal communication and is the object of research by specialists in various fields, including anatomists and anthropologists. Currently, significant experience has been accumulated in studying the morphometric parameters of the face of different population groups, however, there is no information in the literature on the bilateral dimorphism of these parameters in the upper and middle parts of the face depending on the shape of the skull and the shape of the face itself. The purpose of the study is to determine the limits of variability of differences (asymmetry) in the morphometric parameters of the contralateral halves of the upper and middle parts of the face of young men in the frontal norm depending on the anatomical shape of their skull and face. The study involved 140 young men whose average age was 19.1 ± 0.7 years. After determining the shape of the skull and the shape of the face of the young men, photogrammetry of similar parameters of the upper and middle parts of the face in the frontal norm was performed. To determine the morphometric parameters, the following cephalometric points were used: trichion (tr), glabella (gl), nasion (n), subnasale (sn), zygion (zy), exocanthion (ex), endocanthion (en), pupilla (p), alare (al), as well as points p1 and p2, located at the intersection of the horizontal line with the facial contour drawn through the subnasale point. When comparing similar facial dimensions, the difference ("diff") between their average values ​​was determined. According to the obtained results, in dolichocephalic young men (n=45) statistically significant differences were noted when comparing the distances gl-zy on the left and right (respectively 76.5±3.72 mm and 78.5±4.15 mm, diff=–2.02 mm; p=0.017), gl-р2 and gl-р1 (respectively 91.8±4.72 mm and 93.9±5.04 mm, diff=–2.06 mm, p=0.049), as well as n-zy and n-zy_dext (respectively 71.2±3.54 mm and 73.7±3.92 mm, diff=–2.55 mm, p=0.002). Similar results were obtained when studying other groups of young men. The results of the study of the morphometric parameters of the upper and middle parts of the face of young men in the frontal norm demonstrate the predominance of the values ​​of the sizes of the right half of the face over similar parameters of its left half. At the same time, these differences do not depend on the shape of the skull and the shape of the face.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лицо</kwd><kwd>юноши</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>анатомическая форма</kwd><kwd>асимметрия</kwd><kwd>череп</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>face</kwd><kwd>young men</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>anatomical shape</kwd><kwd>asymmetry</kwd><kwd>skull</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kupriyanov VV, Stovichek GV. Litso cheloveka: anatomiya, mimika. M.: Meditsina. 1988.– 272s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kupriyanov VV, Stovichek GV. Litso cheloveka: anatomiya, mimika. M.: Meditsina. 1988.– 272s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernández-Alfaro F, Vivas-Castillo J, Belle de Oliveira R et al. Barcelona line. A multicentre validation study of a facial projection reference in orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023;61(1):3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.10.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernández-Alfaro F, Vivas-Castillo J, Belle de Oliveira R et al. Barcelona line. A multicentre validation study of a facial projection reference in orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023;61(1):3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.10.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naqvi S, Hoskens H, Wilke F et al. Decoding the human face: progress and challenges in understanding the genetics of craniofacial morphology. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2022;23:383-412. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-120121-102607</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naqvi S, Hoskens H, Wilke F et al. Decoding the human face: progress and challenges in understanding the genetics of craniofacial morphology. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2022;23:383-412. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-120121-102607</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsiao JH, An J, Zheng Y et al. Do portrait artists have enhanced face processing abilities? Evidence from hidden Markov modeling of eye movements. Cognition. 2021;211:104616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104616</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsiao JH, An J, Zheng Y et al. Do portrait artists have enhanced face processing abilities? Evidence from hidden Markov modeling of eye movements. Cognition. 2021;211:104616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104616</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin L, Han W, Sun M et al. Current practices for esthetic facial bone contouring surgery in Asians. Clin Plast Surg. 2023;50(1):71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2022.08.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin L, Han W, Sun M et al. Current practices for esthetic facial bone contouring surgery in Asians. Clin Plast Surg. 2023;50(1):71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2022.08.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavoosi T, Pillai A, Rajasekaran A et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in craniofacial surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2024;32(1):181-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2023.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavoosi T, Pillai A, Rajasekaran A et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in craniofacial surgery. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2024;32(1):181-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2023.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bueller H. Ideal Facial relationships and goals. Facial Plast Surg. 2018;34(5):458-465. https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0038-1669401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bueller H. Ideal Facial relationships and goals. Facial Plast Surg. 2018;34(5):458-465. https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0038-1669401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrar H, Myers S, Ghanem AM. Art or science? An evidence-based approach to human facial beauty a quantitative analysis towards an informed clinical aesthetic practice. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018;42(1):137-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-017-1032-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrar H, Myers S, Ghanem AM. Art or science? An evidence-based approach to human facial beauty a quantitative analysis towards an informed clinical aesthetic practice. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2018;42(1):137-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-017-1032-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singer R, Papadopoulos T. There is no universal standard of beauty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2024;48(24):5273-5282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04266-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer R, Papadopoulos T. There is no universal standard of beauty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2024;48(24):5273-5282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04266-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faustova AG. Prediktory negativnogo samootnosheniya u patsientov, perenesshikh rekonstruktivnoe khirurgicheskoe vmeshatel'stvo. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya. 2018;7(4):117-130. In Russian. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2018070407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faustova AG. Prediktory negativnogo samootnosheniya u patsientov, perenesshikh rekonstruktivnoe khirurgicheskoe vmeshatel'stvo. Klinicheskaya i spetsial'naya psikhologiya. 2018;7(4):117-130. In Russian. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2018070407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fezza JP, Massry G. Lower eyelid length. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(2):152e-159e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000001415</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fezza JP, Massry G. Lower eyelid length. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;136(2):152e-159e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000001415</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song WC, Koh KS, Kim SH et al. Horizontal angular asymmetry of the face in korean young adults with reference to the eye and mouth. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65(11):2164-2168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song WC, Koh KS, Kim SH et al. Horizontal angular asymmetry of the face in korean young adults with reference to the eye and mouth. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65(11):2164-2168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammond P, Suttie M. Large-scale objective phenotyping of 3D facial morphology. Hum Mutat. 2012;33(5):817-825. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22054</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hammond P, Suttie M. Large-scale objective phenotyping of 3D facial morphology. Hum Mutat. 2012;33(5):817-825. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.22054</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kriger EA, Drachev SN, Mit'kin NA i dr. Raschet neobkhodimogo ob’’ema vyborki s ispol’zovaniem programmy G*Power. Morskaya meditsina. 2023;9(2):111-125. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kriger EA, Drachev SN, Mit'kin NA i dr. Raschet neobkhodimogo ob’’ema vyborki s ispol’zovaniem programmy G*Power. Morskaya meditsina. 2023;9(2):111-125. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunak VV, Nesturkh MF, Roginskiy YaYa. Antropologiya: kratkiy kurs. Pod red. prof. V.V. Bunaka. Moskva: Gos. uch.-ped. izd-vo Narkomprosa RSFSR. 1941. – 376s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunak VV, Nesturkh MF, Roginskiy YaYa. Antropologiya: kratkiy kurs. Pod red. prof. V.V. Bunaka. Moskva: Gos. uch.-ped. izd-vo Narkomprosa RSFSR. 1941. – 376s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khrisanfova EN, Perevozchikov IV. Antropologiya. Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta: Nauka. 2005.– 400s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khrisanfova EN, Perevozchikov IV. Antropologiya. Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta: Nauka. 2005.– 400s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khaldeeva NI. Antropoestetika. Opyt antropologicheskikh issledovaniy. Institut etnologii i antropologii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya RAN. – Moskva : Institut etnologii i antropologii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya RAN, 2004. 343s. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khaldeeva NI. Antropoestetika. Opyt antropologicheskikh issledovaniy. Institut etnologii i antropologii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya RAN. – Moskva : Institut etnologii i antropologii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya RAN, 2004. 343s. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rogers LJ. Brain lateralization and cognitive capacity. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(7):1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11071996</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogers LJ. Brain lateralization and cognitive capacity. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(7):1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11071996</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiesen G, Gribel BF, Kim KB et al. Prevalence and associated factors of mandibular asymmetry in an adult population. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(3):e199-e203. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000003371</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiesen G, Gribel BF, Kim KB et al. Prevalence and associated factors of mandibular asymmetry in an adult population. J Craniofac Surg. 2017;28(3):e199-e203. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000003371</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah SM, Joshi MR. An assessment of asymmetry in the normal craniofacial complex. Angle Orthod. 1978;48(2):141-148. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1978)048&lt;0141:AAOAIT&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah SM, Joshi MR. An assessment of asymmetry in the normal craniofacial complex. Angle Orthod. 1978;48(2):141-148. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1978)048&lt;0141:AAOAIT&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farkas LG, Cheung G. Facial asymmetry in healthy North American Caucasians. An anthropometrical study. Angle Orthod. 1981;51(1):70-77. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1981)051&lt;0070:FAIHNA&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farkas LG, Cheung G. Facial asymmetry in healthy North American Caucasians. An anthropometrical study. Angle Orthod. 1981;51(1):70-77. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1981)051&lt;0070:FAIHNA&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baudouin JY, Tiberghien G. Symmetry, averageness, and feature size in the facial attractiveness of women. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2004;117(3):313-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2004.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baudouin JY, Tiberghien G. Symmetry, averageness, and feature size in the facial attractiveness of women. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2004;117(3):313-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2004.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grammer K, Thornhill R: Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: The role of symmetry and averageness. J Comp Psychol. 1994;108:233, https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.108.3.233</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grammer K, Thornhill R: Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: The role of symmetry and averageness. J Comp Psychol. 1994;108:233, https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.108.3.233</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Primozic J, Antolic V, Ovsenik M et al. Three-dimensional evaluation of the association between face and back asymmetry among pre-pubertal subjects. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2023;24(2):124-128. https://doi.org/10.23804/ejpd.2023.1724</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Primozic J, Antolic V, Ovsenik M et al. Three-dimensional evaluation of the association between face and back asymmetry among pre-pubertal subjects. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2023;24(2):124-128. https://doi.org/10.23804/ejpd.2023.1724</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Primozic J, Perinetti G, Zhurov A et al. Three-dimensional assessment of back symmetry in subjects with unilateral functional crossbite during the pre-pubertal growth phase: a controlled study. Eur J Orthod 2019;41:250-257. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Primozic J, Perinetti G, Zhurov A et al. Three-dimensional assessment of back symmetry in subjects with unilateral functional crossbite during the pre-pubertal growth phase: a controlled study. Eur J Orthod 2019;41:250-257. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaidel DW, Aarde SM, Baig K. Appearance of symmetry, beauty, and health in human faces. Brain Cogn. 2005;57:261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2004.08.056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaidel DW, Aarde SM, Baig K. Appearance of symmetry, beauty, and health in human faces. Brain Cogn. 2005;57:261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2004.08.056</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letzer GM, Kronman JH. A posteroanterior cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial asymmetry. Angle Orthod. 1967;37(3):205–211. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1967)037&lt;0205:APCEOC&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letzer GM, Kronman JH. A posteroanterior cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial asymmetry. Angle Orthod. 1967;37(3):205–211. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1967)037&lt;0205:APCEOC&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mongini F, Schmid W. Treatment of mandibular asymmetries during growth. A longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod. 1987;9(1):51–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/9.1.51</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mongini F, Schmid W. Treatment of mandibular asymmetries during growth. A longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod. 1987;9(1):51–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/9.1.51</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod. 1991;61:43–44. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1991)061&lt;0043:SAIEPF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Skeletal asymmetry in esthetically pleasing faces. Angle Orthod. 1991;61:43–44. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1991)061&lt;0043:SAIEPF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid W, Mongini F, Felisio A. A computer-based assessment of structural and displacement asymmetries of the mandible. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1991;100:19–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(91)70045-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmid W, Mongini F, Felisio A. A computer-based assessment of structural and displacement asymmetries of the mandible. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1991;100:19–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(91)70045-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pearson K, Woo TL. Further investigation of the morphometric characters of the human skull. Biometrika. 1935;27:424-465</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pearson K, Woo TL. Further investigation of the morphometric characters of the human skull. Biometrika. 1935;27:424-465</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woo TL. On the asymmetry of the human skull. Biometrika. 1931;22:324-352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woo TL. On the asymmetry of the human skull. Biometrika. 1931;22:324-352</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Figalova P. Asymmetry of the face. Antropologia. 1969;7(1):31-34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Figalova P. Asymmetry of the face. Antropologia. 1969;7(1):31-34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
