<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">morpho</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Морфологические ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological newsletter</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1812-3171</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8741</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Private Medical University REAVIZ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20340/mv-mn.2025.33(3).939</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">morpho-939</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИНТРАНАТАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ ПУПОВИНЫ И ЕЕ СОСУДОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE UMBILICAL CORD AND ITS VESSELS MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL VARIABILITY INTRAPARTUM ANALYSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1751-7482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клявлина</surname><given-names>Мария Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyavlina</surname><given-names>Mariya Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирантка кафедры анатомии человека </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student of the Human Anatomy Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gradusova.maria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-6642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нигматуллин</surname><given-names>Рафик Талгатович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nigmatullin</surname><given-names>Rafik T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры анатомии человека</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Human Anatomy Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nigmatullinr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><elocation-id>id-939</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клявлина М.Ю., Нигматуллин Р.Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клявлина М.Ю., Нигматуллин Р.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klyavlina M.Y., Nigmatullin R.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/939">https://www.morpholetter.com/jour/article/view/939</self-uri><abstract><p>Ряд морфометрических параметров пуповины, ее окружность, диаметры пупочных сосудов, площадь пуповины, пупочных артерий и вены, эмбриональной слизистой соединительной ткани, не подвергаются обязательному ультразвуковому исследованию. Однако оценка этих морфометрических показателей в антенатальном периоде беременности позволила бы прогнозировать исход родов для плода. Цель исследования состояла в оценке влияния родовой деятельности на морфофункциональные показатели пупочных сосудов плода при доношенной беременности. В исследовании приняли участие 150 беременных женщин. Исследование проводилось на ультразвуковом аппарате Samsung Accuvix XG 2019 в активную фазу родов во время схватки и за 2-3 дня до начала родовой деятельности. Фиксировались следующие анатомические и функциональные показатели: окружность пуповины в проксимальном, срединном, дистальном сегментах, внутренний диаметр правой, левой пупочных артерий и вены в трех аналогичных сегментах, пульсационный индекс, максимальная систолическая скорость кровотока, конечная диастолическая скорость кровотока. Вычислялись площади поперечного сечения пуповины, артерий и вены, эмбриональной слизистой соединительной ткани. Статистически значимые отличия выявлены в максимально систолической и конечно диастолической скоростях кровотока, следовательно и в пульсационном индексе. По непараметрическому критерию Вилкоксона окружность пуповины, внутренние диаметры пупочных сосудов и площади поперечных сечений претерпевают статистически незначимые изменения. В большей степени на окружность и площадь поперечного сечения пуповины влияет объем эмбриональной слизистой соединительной ткани. При нормальном анатомическом строении пуповины интранатальный период протекает без осложнений, несмотря на колебания гемодинамических параметров. Морфологические параметры, а именно окружность пуповины в проксимальном, срединном, дистальном сегментах, внутренний диаметр правой, левой пупочных артерий и вены в трех аналогичных сегментах, площади поперечного сечения пуповины, артерий и вены, эмбриональной слизистой соединительной ткани в интранатальном периоде сохраняют свою структуру при изначально нормальном анатомическом строении. Полученные результаты могут использоваться в качестве предикторов оценки исходов родов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A number of umbilical cord morphometric parameters, including its circumference, umbilical vessel diameters, umbilical cord area, umbilical arteries and veins, and embryonic mucosal connective tissue, are not subject to mandatory ultrasound examination. However, assessing these morphometric parameters during the antenatal period could help predict the outcome of labor. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of labor on the morphological and functional parameters of fetal umbilical vessels during full-term pregnancy. A total of 150 pregnant women participated in the study. The examination was conducted using a Samsung Accuvix XG 2019 ultrasound machine during the active phase of labor during contractions and 2-3 days before the onset of labor. The following anatomical and functional parameters were recorded: umbilical cord circumference in the proximal, median, and distal segments; internal diameters of the right and left umbilical arteries and vein in three similar segments; pulsatility index; maximum systolic blood flow velocity; and end-diastolic blood flow velocity. The cross-sectional areas of the umbilical cord, arteries, veins, and embryonic mucosal connective tissue were calculated. Statistically significant differences were found in maximum systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities, and consequently, in the pulsatility index. According to the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, umbilical cord circumference, internal diameters of umbilical vessels, and cross-sectional areas undergo statistically insignificant changes. The volume of embryonic mucosal connective tissue has a greater influence on umbilical cord circumference and cross-sectional area. With a normal umbilical cord anatomical structure, the intrapartum period proceeds without complications, despite fluctuations in hemodynamic parameters. Morphological parameters, namely, umbilical cord circumference in the proximal, medial, and distal segments; the internal diameter of the right and left umbilical arteries and vein in three analogous segments; the cross-sectional areas of the umbilical cord, arteries, and vein; and the embryonic connective tissue mucosa, retain their structure during the intrapartum period despite initially normal anatomical structure. The obtained results can be used as predictors for assessing birth outcomes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пуповин</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая сонография</kwd><kwd>пупочные артерии</kwd><kwd>пупочная вена</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>umbilical cord</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>ultrasound sonography</kwd><kwd>umbilical arteries</kwd><kwd>umbilical vein</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordun AA. Perinatal'nye riski u zhenshchin s patologicheskim sostoyaniem pupoviny. Sovremennye dostizheniya molodykh uchenykh v meditsine: sbornik materialov X Respublikanskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, Grodno, Belarus', 30 noyabrya 2023. Grodno: Grodnenskiy gosudarstvenny meditsinskiy universitet, 2023.- S. 146-148. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordun AA. Perinatal'nye riski u zhenshchin s patologicheskim sostoyaniem pupoviny. Sovremennye dostizheniya molodykh uchenykh v meditsine: sbornik materialov X Respublikanskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, Grodno, Belarus', 30 noyabrya 2023. Grodno: Grodnenskiy gosudarstvenny meditsinskiy universitet, 2023.- S. 146-148. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gee SE, Frey HA. Contractions: traditional concepts and their role in modern obstetrics. Semin Perinatol. 2020;44(2):151218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2019.151218</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gee SE, Frey HA. Contractions: traditional concepts and their role in modern obstetrics. Semin Perinatol. 2020;44(2):151218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semperi.2019.151218</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flynn W, Vickerton P. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Abdominal Wall. 2023 Jul 24. In: StatPearls [E-publ]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flynn W, Vickerton P. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Abdominal Wall. 2023 Jul 24. In: StatPearls [E-publ]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krzyżanowski A, Kwiatek M, Gęca T et al. Modern Ultrasonography of the Umbilical Cord: Prenatal Diagnosis of Umbilical Cord Abnormalities and Assessement of Fetal Wellbeing. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:3170-3180. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.913762</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krzyżanowski A, Kwiatek M, Gęca T et al. Modern Ultrasonography of the Umbilical Cord: Prenatal Diagnosis of Umbilical Cord Abnormalities and Assessement of Fetal Wellbeing. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:3170-3180. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.913762</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim DY, Lee SM, Cho S, Noh SM. Correlations between the status of the umbilical cord and neonatal health status. Child Health Nursing Research. 2020;26(3):348-356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim DY, Lee SM, Cho S, Noh SM. Correlations between the status of the umbilical cord and neonatal health status. Child Health Nursing Research. 2020;26(3):348-356</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debebe SK, Cahill LS, Kingdom JC et al. Wharton's jelly area and its association with placental morphometry and pathology. Placenta. 2020;94:34-38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debebe SK, Cahill LS, Kingdom JC et al. Wharton's jelly area and its association with placental morphometry and pathology. Placenta. 2020;94:34-38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kogan YaE. Patologiya pupoviny i ee rol' v perinatal'nykh oslozhneniyakh. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2016;93(1):22-25. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kogan YaE. Patologiya pupoviny i ee rol' v perinatal'nykh oslozhneniyakh. Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2016;93(1):22-25. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radzinskiy VE. Rukovodstvo k prakticheskim zanyatiyam po akusherstvu: Uchebnoe posobie. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007.- S. 656</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radzinskiy VE. Rukovodstvo k prakticheskim zanyatiyam po akusherstvu: Uchebnoe posobie. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007.- S. 656</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damasceno EB, de Lima PP. Wharton's jelly absence: a possible cause of stillbirth. Autops Case Rep. 2013;3(4):43-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damasceno EB, de Lima PP. Wharton's jelly absence: a possible cause of stillbirth. Autops Case Rep. 2013;3(4):43-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy-Kaulbeck L, Dodds L, Joseph KS et al. Single umbilical artery risk factors and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(4):843-850. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f0bc08</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy-Kaulbeck L, Dodds L, Joseph KS et al. Single umbilical artery risk factors and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(4):843-850. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f0bc08</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gagaev ChG. Patologiya pupoviny. Pod red. prof. V.E. Radzinskogo. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2011.- S. 196. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gagaev ChG. Patologiya pupoviny. Pod red. prof. V.E. Radzinskogo. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2011.- S. 196. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yarygina TA, Gasanova RM, Marzoeva OV i dr. Patologicheskoe stroenie pupoviny: chto nakhoditsya za ramkami rutinnogo ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniya pri vrozhdennom poroke serdtsa u ploda. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2024;9:12-21. In Russian</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarygina TA, Gasanova RM, Marzoeva OV i dr. Patologicheskoe stroenie pupoviny: chto nakhoditsya za ramkami rutinnogo ul'trazvukovogo issledovaniya pri vrozhdennom poroke serdtsa u ploda. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2024;9:12-21. In Russian</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cahill LS, Mercer GV, Jagota D et al. Doppler ultrasound of the fetal descending aorta: an objective tool to assess placental blood flow resistance in pregnancies with discordant umbilical arteries. J. Ultrasound Med. 2022;41(4):899-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jum.15773</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cahill LS, Mercer GV, Jagota D et al. Doppler ultrasound of the fetal descending aorta: an objective tool to assess placental blood flow resistance in pregnancies with discordant umbilical arteries. J. Ultrasound Med. 2022;41(4):899-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jum.15773</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies JE, Walker JT, Keating A. Concise review: Wharton’s jelly: the rich, but enigmatic, source of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(12):1620-1630. https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.16-0492</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies JE, Walker JT, Keating A. Concise review: Wharton’s jelly: the rich, but enigmatic, source of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2017;6(12):1620-1630. https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.16-0492</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez-Trujillo L, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, et al. Considering the effects and maternofetal implications of vascular disorders and the umbilical cord. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(12):1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58121754</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez-Trujillo L, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, et al. Considering the effects and maternofetal implications of vascular disorders and the umbilical cord. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58(12):1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58121754</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
