THE BILATERALLY PATTERN OF SKULL EXTERNAL BASE FORAMINA

Bilateral asymmetry of anatomical structures plays an important role in the preparation and implementation of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The human brain part of the skull is characterized by asymmetry of its individual structures. A number of studies have established differences between the right and left paired formations of the cranial cavity, which indicate age-related or pathological changes. Skull deformations, including those associated with bilateral differences in the quantitative parameters of structures, can aggravate these changes. The purpose of this study was to assess the details of the topography of the round, oval and spinous foramina of the right and left sides to expand the understanding of their bilateral organization (symmetry, asymmetry) on the skull outer base. A photogrammetric study was carried out on 70 skulls from the museum collection of the Omsk State Medical University Human Anatomy Department. The obtained images were assessed using the Compass-3D v21 program. The angles were estimated in degrees between lines passing through the centers of the holes on the outer base of the skull and a straight line located in the frontal plane and passing through the middle of the pharyngeal tubercle (tuberculum pharyngeum). During the study, the values ​​of the indicated angles were determined. The angle between the straight line and the line of the center of the external aperture of the carotid canal on the right was 14º (11; 17) and was statistically significantly (p<0.05) less than the same indicator on the left - 16º (13; 18). The angle between the above straight line and the line of the center of the oval foramen on the right was 15º (12; 18) and was statistically insignificant (p = 0.27) higher than the same indicator on the left - 14º (11; 18). The angle between the indicated straight line and the line of the center of the foramen spinosum on the right was 5º (2; 8), which also insignificantly (p=0.21) exceeded the value of this parameter on the left - 4º (2; 7). Thus, statistically significant asymmetry in our study is characteristic only for the angle characterizing the position of the external aperture of the carotid canal, while the position of the spinous and foramen ovale was relatively symmetrical. The results obtained complement the topography and bilateral organization of the foramina of the external base of the human skull.

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