Neurological nature of major cardiac diseases is attributed to elevated social tension. The established phenomena of early age involution of the sympathetic part of the vegetative nervous system due to Cannon's law make it possible to study the mechanism of sudden cardiac death and to search for diagnostic methods for its prevention. One of such methods is time-frequency spectral analysis of the heart rate variability at the early phases of orthostatic tests. The radionuclide diagnostic method has revealed new data on correlation between blood capillaries and sympathetic nervous plexus under myocardial infarction.

The effects of delivery of recombinant human VEGF165 gene under conditions of direct and cell-mediated gene therapy were studied in the model of posterior limb ischemia. Immediately after the creation of the ischemia model, a solution with the VEGF gene (Ad-VEGF group) or the mononuclear blood cells of the human umbilical cord (PCC) mononuclear cells (group CCP + Ad-VEGF) transduced by the same gene was injected into the distal part of the gastrocnemius muscle. At day 14, an increase in the number of CD31- and CD34-immunopositive cells in the ischemic gastrocnemius muscle was shown in both groups of animals. The number of CD31- and CD34-immunopositive cells in the Ad-VEGF group increased by 23% and by 2 times, respectively, and by 4 and 5 times, respectively, in the CKP + Ad-VEGF group. At this time, the number of CD31-immunopositive cells in the CKP + Ad-VEGF group was greater by a factor of 3, and the CD34-immunopositive cells by a factor of 2 compared with the Ad-VEGF group. A significantly larger increase in the number of endothelial cells, when delivered to the ischemia region of the VEGF gene by PPC compared to direct injection of the gene into the same region, indicates a significantly higher efficiency of angiogenesis under conditions of cell-mediated gene therapy.

Increased organ blood flow in contracting skeleton muscles is associated with the main artery dilatation. This phenomenon is based on the arteries ability to respond to the speed of blood flowing in them. However, until recently there have been discussion on what mechanisms cause the upward arterial dilatation itself and increase the speed of the blood flow. On the other hand, in is well-known that all organs performing phasic functions have extra capillary way of blood flow in their intraorganic circulatory bed. The aim of the research is to prove involvement of arterio-venous anastomoses in the artery upward dilatation. Authors presents the study of specimens of the heart as well as of the soleus muscle and the lateral vastus muscle of cat (n=7) with the vascular bed subjected to supravital injection. It proved that arterio-venous anastomoses of the epicardium and of the skeletal muscle fasciae are actively involved in such phenomena as pre-organ, blood separation and artery upward dilatation.

Authors was study pancreatic duct system in our population. It was found that the main function of draining in the pancreas performs the main pancreatic duct and only in those cases where there was a deep location of the main pancreatic duct (closer to the hook-shaped appendages) helper function drainage was carried out through an additional duct. Also found separate pancreatic ductal system - pancreas divisum. Due to the extensive use of technology endo-sonography in various tumor and neoplastic diseases of the pancreas knowledge of the anatomic and topographic features of the duct system will improve the quality of diagnosis in this nosologically group.

Morphological-functional characteristics of nasal polyps were studied in 88 patients with rhinosinusitis polyps. The tissue of a polyp had typical picture, multi-rows ciliated epithelium with a large number of goblet celts. Different stages of polyp maturation were observed: from edematous to perivascular and diffuse cellular infiltrates consisting of eosinophils, lymphocytes and mast cells. Their presence proves allergic nature of rhinosinusitis, which as any pathology process by stress is accompanied. At the early stage, chronic stress downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, while upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokines. All the steps induced continued increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and finally inflammation, which induce various diseases. The final stage of polyp maturation was characterized by fibrous induration of its stroma with cirrhosis signs.

The somatometric study of women, who migrated to the Middle Ob region, and their newborns may reflect the quality of adaptation to the adverse climatic conditions of the north regions in the process of physiological pregnancy. The aim of the study was a comprehensive assessment of the somatometric body parameters, and of the heart rate variability functional parameters for women who moved to the territory of the Middle Ob region, and also of the weight and growth parameters for infants. Weight gain during pregnancy was estimated. Obtained results were then subjected to statistical analysis in Statistica of 10 program. Variable distribution estimation in the sample was made using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The differences between two unrelated samples were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test, and between three or more unrelated samples - with the Kruskal-Wallis criterion. The significance of differences was confirmed when p<0.05 (for two groups) and p<0.001 (for three and more groups). The body mass index (M=22-23 kg/ m²) for women of all compared groups did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Obesity and underweight were observed more often among alien population of the Middle Ob region representatives than among native inhabitants of European Urals. The body weight increase during pregnancy was consistent with physiological values. However, for the groups of migrants living in the North from 4.9 to 10 years and from 11 to 16 years (p<0.05) the latter parameter was the most pronounced. In the main group, a low-energy type of heart rate variability was observed. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) parasympathetic division activity was predominant, with low functional activity of the sympathetic ANS. For the non-native Middle Ob region population the mass-growth parameters of the newborns were higher than in the comparison group. Discovered autonomic balance morphological and functional changes in the pregnant women organism are necessary to ensure the growth and development of the fetus before birth. The increase in weight and growth parameters for the Middle Ob region alien population newborns, in our opinion, is associated with adaptive changes needed to ensure the best posterity viability in the adverse conditions of the north regions.

The effect of different diameter gold nanoparticles on the prenatal morphogenesis of white rats was studied. Gold nanoparticles 5, 10, 30, 50 and 150 nm in diameter covered with polyethylene glycol were administered intravenously to pregnant female white rats on the 15th gestation day at a dose of 2.0 ml per kg of animal weight (an average of 0.5-0.7 ml per animal ) in the form of a suspension (concentration of 57 pg gold per ml, an average of 28-40 pg per animal). The presence of gold nanoparticles in tissues was visualized by the method of autometallography with silver nitrate, and the total gold content in the fetuses was estimated by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. The permeability of the hemochoric barrier for particles with diameters of 5, 10, 30, and 50 nm was established. Macro- and microscopic analyzes of fetuses and newborn rats indicate the absence of morphogenetic, teratogenic and embryo-lethal effects when administered single-fold to pregnant rats at parenteral doses of 114 mcg / kg / day during late organogenesis. The obtained data testify to the prospects of using gold nanoparticles up to 150 nm in diameter for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (thernostics) during pregnancy.

The aim of the study was to identify the variability of morphometric parameters and the shape of the inferior orbital fissure. The forms and morphometric parameters of the lower orbital gap were studied in 131 passportized skulls of people of different ages from the craniological collection of the fundamental museum of the human anatomy chair of the Azerbaijan Medical University. Craniometric studies were carried out according to conventional methods. The digital data of our study were subjected to statistical processing, observing general provisions for medical and biological research. The study showed that, depending on the variability of the width of the 5 variants of the inferior orbital fissure. The most common are the inferior orbital fissure of medium width. The size and shape of the orbital fissure and orbits are interrelated and mediated by types of the scull. The size of inferior orbital fissure men more than women.

Tongue provides a person with many functions, participates in speech, taste receptions (the peripheral part of the taste analyzer), the initial stages of digestion and moisturizes the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. The lingual glands, along with others, produce saliva, but in a smalt amount, in comparison with the large salivary glands. The purpose of the study is to study the number of lingual glands and their morphological features in people of different ages and sex under normal conditions. Macroscopic, histological methods and parametric statistics methods have been used to study the glands of the tongue, obtained from the corpses of 149 men and 150 women who died from the period of the newborn to 96 years, for reasons of asphyxia incompatible with the life of injuries. On total preparations of the tongue, the glands were electrically stained in a 0.5% solution of acetic acid with 0,05% methylene blue solution in tap water. We studied the total number, length and width of the initial sections of the glands of different parts of the tongue - at its anterior, middle and posterior third, and also in the organ as a whole. For histological examination, the gland was further studied on preparations obtained after evisceration (139 cases). As a result of the study, it was revealed that the size and quantity of lingual glands in postnatal ontogenesis vary in the direction from the tip to the root of the tongue (increase from front to back). In this case, the glands of the root of the tongue produced a saliva of a mucous nature. Given that ensuring the oral phase of swallowing requires the presence of a mucous secretion in the oral cavity, the morphological changes of lingual glands in the thickness of the tongue revealed by us are absolutely physiologically necessary. Changing the size and number of glands throughout the mucous membranes of internal organs is recognized as one of the patterns of their structural organization.

The paper notes the relevance of the temporomandibular joint, in particular, chronic dislocation and subluxation. The aim of the study was to study morphometric parameters of the temporomandibular joint using computed tomography and to identify anatomical and topographical features of those with chronic dislocation and subluxation of the joint. The article describes the method of measurement of bone structures, which we studied 27 patients with chronic dislocation and subluxation of the temporomandibular joint. This study allows to conclude that in patients with dislocation and subluxation of the temporomandibular joint have structural violations of the elements of the joint, their proportions that have a significant asymmetry.