THE AGE CHANGES OF THE TISSUE STRUCTURE AND THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN THYMUS
https://doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.17(25).02.03
Abstract
With the use of histological, morphometric and immunohistochemically methods, it is established that the age transformations of the tissue structure of the thymus are characterized by the development of fibrous connective and adipose tissue in cortical partitions, which leads to fragmentation of the cortex, and then to the disjunction of fragments of the cortical substance and the marrow substance. The greatest progression of the processes of involution in the thymus is noted during the second mature age period from 36 to 60 years. In old and elderly people remain small islands of parenchyma without differentiation into cortical and brain matter, surrounded by fat tissue. In the process of age-related involution, the lymphocyte count decreases, their mitotic activity decreases, and the proportion of cells capable of proliferation decreases, both in cortical and in brain substance. This, apparently, is due to both a lack of inflow into the thymus of the marrow progenitors, and a decrease in the number of epithelial reticular cells creating a microenvironment for T-lymphocytes. Age changes are accompanied by a decrease in the number of thymic bodies, among which the share of mature forms increases. In the thymus of people of the senile age, thymic bodies are not found. The rate of processes of age involution is individual and varies widely, which is consistent with the life expectancy of people.
About the Author
L. M. Erofeeva
Research Institute of the Human Morphology; Branch of Medical University REAVIZ
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Кытикова О.Ю., Гвозденко Т.А., Веремчук Л.В. Особенности взаимосвязей гомеостатических систем как показателей адаптивных перестроек у пожилых. Успехи геронтологии. 2015;28(2):290-293.
2. Мирошниченко И.В., Столпникова В.Н., Левашова Т.В., Сорокина Е.А., Топорова С.Г. Характеристика иммунитета долгожителей и выбор маркеров иммуностарения. Успехи геронтологии. 2014;27(3):452-456.
3. Майбородин И.В., Агзаев М.К., Рагимова Т.М., Майбородин И.И. Возрастные изменения структуры лимфоидных органов: Обзор литературы. Успехи геронтологии. 2016;29(2):229-238.
4. Чуров А.В. Регуляторные Т-клетки и старение организма. Успехи геронтологии. 2013;26(4):603-609.
5. Ярилин А.А. Старение иммунной системы и тимус. Клиническая геронтология. 2003;9(3):8-17.
6. Бунак В.В. Выделение этапов онтогенеза и хронологические границы возрастных периодов. Советская педагогика. 1965;11:105-119.
7. Ерофеева Л.М. Возрастная динамика гистотопографии и цитоархитектоники тимуса детей. Российские морфологические ведомости. 2001;1-2:24-28.
8. Ерофеева Л.М. Строение и цитоархитектоника тимуса человека в подростковом и юношеском возрастных периодах. Морфология. 2002;122(6):з7-40.
9. Bodey B, Siegel SE, Kaiser HE. Immunological Aspects of Neoplasia - The Role of the Thymus. Springer Science&Business Media. 2006;17:93-114.
10. Nedjic E, Aichinger M. Autophagy in thymic epithelium shapes the T-cell repertoire and is essential for tolerance. Nature. 2008;455:396-400.
11. Klein L. Antigen presentation in the thymus for positive selection and central tolerance induction. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2009;9: 833-844. DOI: 10.1038/nri2669
12. Юрчинский В.Я., Ерофеева Л.М. Количественная характеристика тимусных телец у неполовозрелых позвоночных животных и человека. Журнал анатомии и гистопатологии. 2016;5(1):76-82.
13. Лабунец И.Ф. Возрастные особенности изменений клеточного состава костного мозга, мелатонинобразующей функции эпифиза и эндокринной функции тимуса у мышей разных линий. Успехи геронтологии. 2013;26(3):425-431.
14. Joncourt F, Bettens F, Kristensen F, De Weck AL. Age-related changes of mitogen responsiveness in different lymphoid organs from outbred NMRI mice. Immunobiology. 1981;158(5):439-449. DOI: org/10.1016/SO171-2985(81)80014-9
15. Meredith P, Pittor W, Gerbase-Delima M, Walford RL. Age-related changes in the cellular immune response of lymph node and thymus cells in long-lived mice. Cell. Immunol. 1975;18(2):324-330.
Review
For citations:
Erofeeva L.M. THE AGE CHANGES OF THE TISSUE STRUCTURE AND THE CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN THYMUS. Morphological newsletter. 2017;25(2):21-26. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.17(25).02.03
Views:
344
