REGULARITIES OF THE ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY OF THE SHAPE OF THE THYROID GLAND

According to the literature, the study of the typical anatomy of the thyroid gland is an urgent problem of modern medicine. Performing surgical interventions on the thyroid gland, as a rule, is associated with significant technical difficulties due to the exceptional variability of the organs form. Objective of this research was studying the patterns of anatomical variability of the shape of the thyroid gland in individuals with various forms of the neck and body type. Work is performed with using autopsy material of 120 bodies (67 men and 52 women) long lived in the territory of the Rostov region and died of the diseases which are not connected with pathology of organs of a neck. In the course of work, the sizes of the right and left thyroid lobes and the size of the isthmus were determined. For identification of a shape of a thyroid gland used Y.V. Maleevs recommendations (2016). The shape of a neck was defined according to coefficient of proportionality of width of a neck of T.P. Tikhonova and E.V. Zakhvatova (2006), the constitutional type of the person by means of a technique of L. Rees - H.J. Eisenck (1945). The checked measurements allowed to differentiate a form of a butterfly (50,5%), a form of letter «Н» (18,3%), boat shaped (20,1%) and semilunar (11,1%) forms. Significant differences in the morphometric parameters of various forms of the thyroid gland were established (р<0,05). The correlations between the shape of the thyroid gland and the shape of the neck (r=0.51), between the shape of the thyroid gland and the somatic type of a person (r=0.63) were determined. In the course of work are formulated as patterns of anatomical variability of the shape of thyroid gland: The thyroid gland in the form of a butterfly is characteristic of normostenic (58,7%) and astenic (36,5%) types from normal (35,5%) and thin (53,2%) shapes of a neck; thyroid gland in the form of letter «Н» - for persons pyknic (54,5%) and normostenic (27,3%) types with a wide shape of a neck (45,5%); thyroid glands boat shaped and semilunar forms - for persons of pyknic type (85,5% and 90,9% respectively) with a wide shape of a neck (69,6% and 72,7% respectively).

щитовидная железа, анатомическая изменчивость, форма шеи, соматический тип, thyroid gland, anatomical variability, shape of neck, somatic type