СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ОБ АНАТОМИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ ТАРАННОЙ КОСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Разработка современных эндопротезирующих конструкций для структурно-функционального восстановления при повреждениях голеностопного сустава требует в условиях персонализированного подхода к пациентам максимального соответствия всех суставных поверхностей и размеров костных элементов анатомически исходным. Существует актуальная потребность выяснения соответствия конкретных линейных анатомо-морфометрических паттернов костей конфигурациям их суставных поверхностей с тем, чтобы соотнести достаточно легко получаемые средствами визуализации их линейные размеры у пациента с трудно определяемыми этими средствами конкретными паттернами конфигураций суставных поверхностей. Цель исследования: обобщить имеющиеся данные научной литературы по анатомической изменчивости суставных фасеток таранной кости человека, их прикладному значению в различных областях биомедицинских знаний. Материалом для исследования послужили источники отечественной и зарубежной литературы с 1889 по 2023 годы за период 135 лет. Проведенный анализ научной литературы позволяет сделать заключение, во-первых, о том, что классические стандартные описания об особенностях ее формы и строения, отражающие, прежде всего и в большей степени ее части и апофизы не позволяют судить и не дают соответствующих представлений об иных, несущих большую функциональную и диагностическую значимость структурных элементах. Такими элементами следует считать ее суставные поверхности. Во-вторых, разнообразие их числа, топографии, общей конфигурации, размеров их площадей, их сочетания и билатеральные различия у каждого человека представляют собой уникальные анатомические паттерны, характеризующие структурную индивидуальную основу его локомоторной активности. В-третьих, анализ суставных фасеток таранной кости позволяет не зависимо от периода времени, в котором жил человек, при условии достаточной анатомической сохранности, получать данные не только об индивидуальных особенностях его двигательной активности и передвижений, но и характере среды обитания, рельефа местности, особенностях поведения и двигательных ритуалах, предрасположенности к определенным видам травматических повреждений стопы и голеностопного сустава.

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