The mechanism of pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death (SCD) under the conditions of earlier changes of CNS and neurodistrophic body disorders were investigated in the cardio complex as a result of the morphofunctional studies about the neurogenic nature of heart diseases developed in the doctrine by A.I. Myasnikov. It was found that from 35-40 years of age there is a sympathectomy of the cardiovascular system develops in connection with the implementation of phenomenon of the age increase of the involutive changes in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, and according to W.B.Cannon’s law one observes a continuous increase in the sensitivity to the humoral factors of enervated myocardium up till the emergence of the atrial fibrillation. The degree of innervation change in the cardiovascular system and the susceptibility to SCD central nervous system increase mainly during the active course of coronary heart disease. The major goal of prevention and control of SCD is a systematic diagnosis of the population on the pre-hospital level; and it is required to carry out an ambulatory analysis of the state of the nervous system by means of the method of time-frequency spectral analysis of heart rate variability in case of coronary artery disease detection on the early stages of orthostatic tests because the reduction of low-frequency of the power spectrum of cardio is detected after the age of forty. Consequently, it should be clear - the spectral analysis states that the sharp decrease in sympathetic activity which is hazardous during SCD is experienced much more intensively by the patients with hypertension. The onset of SCD is connected with social stress, the nature of the emotional state and it depends on the addictions and development of depression symptoms.

Developed at the Department of Histology DSMU histochemical method of detecting activity thyroperoxidase (IPO) (invention, foreground number 2015054203 from 16.12.2015) conducted a study to determine its capabilities when establishing a functional state of the thyroid gland (TG). It was found that the enzyme activity was determined in the follicular thyrocytes and varies considerably in various pathological conditions the organ. In particular, in histochemical preparations thyroid patients with diffuse toxic goiter IPO activity in the wall of the follicles and foci of adenomatous interfollicular high. It is characterized by epithelialprotrusion with marked activity in peripheral thyrocytes. In diseases of the thyroid gland in the stage euthyrosis enzyme activity in follicular thyrocytes moderate. The content of the enzyme significantly reduced by the macro and micro follicular colloid goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis in the stage of hypothyroidism was determined. It is concluded that the results of the proposed histochemical method for determining the activity of IPO allow pathologists to complement morphological conclusion functional.

In the paper presented clinical and anatomical study of mathematical processing and evaluation of clinical computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint data using the hardware - software complex “LUCH-S”. Options are given to its extreme volatility, synthopy terms of computer reconstruction. Authors describe an original technique for reconstruction and the measurement data obtained. Prospects of the further use of the data in the establishment of systems to facilitate decisionmaking in medicine.

Alkaline decellularization represents one of the most common methods for obtaining acellular matrix (ECM). However, there is no published data concerning the effectiveness of different alkaline ECM decellularization protocols. In the present study comparative efficiency analysis of the simple decellularization protocol by sodium hydroxide solution and complex protocol by several different solutions based on sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate was carried out. The biochemical, morphological, and thermo-mechanical characteristics of the acellular fibrous extracellular matrix of the bovine (Bos taurus taurus) dermis were evaluated. It was shown that both protocols effectively remove cellular components from the ECM. However, applying complex protocol led to the reduction in the amount of residual dsDNA in the ECM. The results of morphological and thermomechanical studies suggest that the use of a complex protocol in comparison with a simple treatment with sodium hydroxide leads to decrease in the ECM fiber network disorganization, retaining structure of collagen fibers, and also to an increase in the elasticity of the material. Thus, the use of alkaline treatment with solutions containing sulfate better preserve the native structure of the decellularized ECM from bovine dermis. According to the obtained data it can be concluded that the use of the complex protocol for the alkaline decellularization of bovine dermis is more preferable.

The widespread introduction of breast conserving surgery on the kidney has caused a need for information on options for the structure of the renal artery and its branches. The purpose of the study is to apply the method of volume visualization in surgery of the kidney and renal vessels through the creation of accurate and realistic representations on the basis of the multispiral computed tomography. 3D visualization of blood vessels in the kidneys of patients who had no history of pathology of the organ and its vessels, performed on the hardware-software complex «S Ray» and software package «Autoplan» developed by the staff of the Department of operative surgery and clinical anatomy course with innovative technologies, Samara state medical University. Created accurate and realistic models of the kidney and its vessels with the aid of voxel graphics revealed one of the patients plus renal artery with an unknown version of separation of one from the superior mesenteric artery, which not only increases the level of diagnosis, but also gives the ability to plan surgical intervention, conduct individual personalized analysis of access paths, with minimal risk to the patient, and to use virtual simulators with the aim of a rehearsal of basic techniques when performing operations on the kidney and its blood vessels. In addition to clinical applications, the use of modern technologies should create new standards of teaching variant anatomy in medical schools and to improve the quality of medical education.

Knowledge of topography and syntopy of neck’s vessels is necessary when carrying out surgical interventions on ENT organs, in particular on palatine tonsils, a larynx, Eustachian tube and a nasopharynx. Authors have studied a anatomo-topographical features of large neck’s vessels in relation to the pharynx’s structures according to MRI-researches that allows to plan tactics of surgical treatment of patients and carry out prevention of hemorrhagic complications. 109 patients (the 218th palatine tonsils) with chronic tonsillitis (64 women and 45 men) aged from 15 up to 54 years are examined. To all patients MRI-diagnostics of neck’s vessels in the vascular mode was carried out, and measurements from the revealed vessels to the capsule of palatine tonsils at the level of the upper and lower poles and in the field of an average third of a palatine tonsil were performed. The distance from external carotid artery to the upper pole of a palatine tonsil makes 17,1 ± 1,01 mm, to the lower pole - 10,3 ± 0,18 mm, in the field of an average third - 10,7 ± 0,12 mm; the distance from internal carotid artery to the upper pole of a palatine tonsil makes 14,5 ± 0,84 mm, to the lower pole - 16,8 ± 0,77 mm, to an average third of a palatine tonsil - 15,3 ± 0,07 mm. Branches of external carotid artery, blood supplying palatine tonsil, are the most frequent sources of bleedings: maxillary artery: 16,4 ± 0,43 mm (17,4%) - the upper pole; 9,6 ± 0,02 mm (46,2%) -an average third of a palatine tonsil; 18,5 ± 0,74 mm (29,5%) - the lower pole; lingual artery: 4,7 ± 0,02 mm (6,8%) - an average third of a palatine tonsil; 6,2 ± 0,82 mm (56,8%) - the lower pole; facial artery: 4,2 ± 0,01 mm (0,76%) - an average third of a palatine tonsil; occipital artery: 25,6 ± 0,12 mm (19%) - the upper pole; 14,8 ± 0,11 mm (18,9%) - an average third of a palatine tonsil; 9,56 ± 0,12 mm (3,8%) - the lower pole; tonsillar arteries: 1,88 ± 0,01 mm (9,8%) - the upper pole; 2,51 ± 0,01 mm (23%) - an average third of a palatine tonsil; 2,12 ± 0,01 mm (11%) - the lower pole. Distance from internal jugular vein to the capsule of palatine tonsils: in the field of the upper pole of a palatine tonsil: 28,3 ± 1,01 mm, in the lower pole: 26,6 ± 1,54 mm, in the field of an average third: 22,7 ± 1,24 mm. Anomalies of internal carotid artery meet in 11,9% of cases, from them in 6,88% of cases C-and a S-shaped tortuosity of internal carotid artery is revealed; in 4,13% of cases - kinking of internal carotid artery and in 0,92% - coiling of internal carotid artery. The majority of the anomalies settled higher than the level of the upper pole of a palatine tonsil that doesn’t increase risks of a traumatization of large neck’s vessels and possible development of bleedings. In 0,46% of cases (1 patient) the kinking of the right internal carotid artery located in close proximity to the capsule of a palatine tonsil in the field of an average third is revealed. Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein this for anomalies as a result of the conducted research aren’t received. This method of diagnostics allowed to reveal rare anatomic feature of development of internal carotid artery (1: 2398 operated patients - 0,04%), it was an important find at the patient preparing for plan surgical treatment concerning chronic tonsillitis. The received results need to be considered not only in case of surgical interferences at patients with chronic tonsillitis, but also in case of surgical treatment of other ENT-organs that is the most important -Eustachian tube.

Prevention of bone resorption in the peri-implant area involves the use of hard palate epithelial mucous autograft. Objective: Identify regional specifics of microvascular blood flow of the hard palate mucosa which are required to from a viable epithelial autograft. Material: The histological structure and the microvascular blood flow was studied in experimental animals (n=7) as well as intraoperational samples of hard palate mucosa of patients (n=39) before dental implantation was performed. The following methods were used: intra- and extravascular impregnation with various layers of silver, light optical and electronic microscopy. Outcomes: the buffer areas of the hard palate mucosa were identified the microvascular blood flow of which is capable of providing sustainable epithelial autografts.

The debates on lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) which staered many decades ago are still being continued. Lt can be explained by the fact that neither proponents nor adversaries of the KVA have any odjective morphological evidenct of their existence of absence. Nevertheless, the concept of LVA is used by pathokogists to deal with the issues of etiology and pathogrnesis of various diseases, and by clinicians to Justify the prescription of pathogenetic therapy to patients. Is it possible that the microbasculature of 0rgans have any hematolymphoid relations which could be alternative to the LVA? The aim of research is to analyse various morphological options of hematolymphoid relations in the intestinal wall of laboratory animals. Material and methods. The study was perdormed on the autopsy intestinal material of cast (n=9), bogs (n=5) and rabbits (n=5) and. The histological sections (n=357),stained by routine methods, were examined under the Leica DM 1000 microscope with a digital video system. Results. Two types of hematolymphoid relations in the interstinal wall have been found out: 1) intimate contact of the wall of the exchange vlood microvessels with the wall of lymphatic microssels 2) exchange blood microvessels are located in the lumen of the lymphatic microvessels. Botoh the first and the second types of these hematolymphoid relations can serve as an alternative to LVA.

The study of the risk factors for respiratory diseases in the city of Samara in patients with seasonal manifestations of the disease. Methods. Aeropalynologic studies were conducted in the vegetation period 2013-2015. Pollen caught volumetric. Result. In the period of 2013-2015 palencia in air the spectrum of Samara city was dominated by the pollen of ambrosia (22.1%), birch (15.4%), elm (її,8%), nettle (9,5%), chenopodiaceae (7.3 per cent). Conclusion. Revealed regional risk factors, affecting the course of respiratory diseases among residents of the Samara city.

Fibroneetin (FN) plays a role in the differentiation, growth, maintenance of normal morphology, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, their migration and spatial organization, ineluding due to remodeling of the vascular and nervous supply. The aim of the study is FN in the thyroid gland (TG) after various types of muscular activity. The control thyroid-intact male dogs (16) have no running. Six experimental groups include 67 dogs with different models of running (from a few minutes to a few months). Monoclonal antibodies were used to isolate FN. Sections of the right lobe of TG were digitizing and areas were measured after qualitative analysis. Areas of FN after single loads with middle running time and multiple loads (from one to three months) did not differ significantly from the control. Areas of FN in two groups (single loads with minimum running time and single loads with maximum running time) were more than in the control group and they are significantly different from each other. The heart rate and vascular supply of TG increased; morphologie signs of thyroid proliferation were present at dogs of these groups. Accumulation of intravascular faction of FN was recognized at the single loads with minimum running time. Accumulation of interfollicular and intrafollieular factions of FN was found at the single loads with maximum running time, it is possible due to the activation of thyroeytes. Thus, fibronectin, which is traditionally regarded as a marker of tumors of the thyroid gland, can serve as a reflection of proliferative activity of thyrocytes after the muscle loads.

The analysis of features of phagocytosis ability of monocytes of peripheral blood at newborn posterity of females of rats with chronic damage of a liver of toxic and autoimmune genesis with use of microspheres of latex and golden staphylococcus (St.aureus) has allowed to establish oppression of their absorbing and killing activity.

The effect of allografting of bone marrow on bioamine - containing structures in the temporal aspect was studied with the use of fluorescent mieroscopy and cytospectrofluorimetry in the bone marrow and quantitative description of the content of granular luminescent and mast cells, as well as cell which content neyroamins. It is found that up to 40 min of allografting observed increase of the number of bioamin containing structures (granular luminescent and mast eells)in the bone marrow. Through 2 hours depletion occurs numbers of this structures and reducing of neyroamins. Is destroyed regulatory link in the bone marrow which exercised control over the reproduction of cells. Violated the processes of proliferation and apoptosis in the bone marrow.

Reaction of Iba-I and MHC-II positive eells in the spleen was studied on the introduction of melatonin. It was detected that oral administration of melatonin (drug «Melaxen») with water (solution 4 mg of the drug per 1 l H₂0) for 4 weeks leads to morphological changes in the spleen: increase in quantity of lymphoid nodules, more pronounced in the spleen of animals kept by artificial darkening; decrease in the quantity of eells of the macrophage series (Iba-1+) and activated macrophages (MHCII+) in the spleen of animals kept by daylight; low changes in the quantity of eells of the macrophage series (Iba-1+) and activated macrophages (MHCII+) in the spleen of animals kept by artificial darkening. The most sensitive to lighting conditions animals injected with melatonin, are PALM, marginal sinus and subeapsular area of the red pulp of the spleen.

Aim of current investigation is a study of the vascularization and angioarchitectonics of vessels of the human liver. Material for investigation was the preparations of the liver from 15 cadavers and СТ MR! and USI examinations of 35 patients without pathology of liver. СТ and MRI examinations showed that there are most frequent three major hepatic veins - right, middle and left. The left hepatic vein extends partially into the longitudinal groove and separates a quadrate lobe from the medially located II and III segments. The right hepatic vein separates the behind lying V-VIII segments from the dorsally positioned VI-VII segments. The middle hepatic vein located between the left and right hepatic lobes, which in caudal direction can be differentiated by the notional plane passing through the bed of the gallbladder. At the confluence of the inferior vena cava, the middle and left hepatic veins combine in four of six cases.

The article proposes a method of objective evaluation of the content of bone matrix proteins (collagen I, collagen II and osteocalcin) using Adobe Photoshop software. The study was conducted on 70 adult male rats “Wistar” line, to which formed an open transverse fracture of the middle third of the tibial shaft. In the experimental group (EG) the animals to fracture on day 1 and 2 injected in 0,5 ml “Vinfar” preparation containing metabolites Bacillus subtillis 804, in the control group (CG) - 0,5 ml 0,9% NaCl. On days 3, 21, 44 and 61 osteoreparative process used digital analysis of photomicrographs of immunohistochemical preparations using Adobe Photoshop Extended software for calculate the area sites of structures containing studied proteins, followed objective calculation of the relative content in the tissues by the formula: RVD (%) = (Sa / St) x 100, where the RVD - the relative volume density, Sa - the total area of all the the selected sites in the analyzed image, St - total area of the digital image. It was established that on day 44 in animals CG periosteal fracture zone RVD of the osteocalcin is 1,156 ± 0,034%, and in EG RVD of the osteocalcin already at this period reaches values (density 1,582 ± 0,026%) close to normal bone tissue (about 1,6%). At day 61 the expression of type I collagen in EG (RVD 69,25 ± 2,23%) more than a third higher than that of CG (RVD 46,09 ± 1,74%), reaching a value close to RVD of the collagen i of normal bone tissue (about 70.0%). Thus, the determination of RVD of the collagen l, collagen il and osteocalcin using Adobe Photoshop software allows to objectively evaluate their content in the bone matrix, which gives an indication of the character of the healing of bone fractures.

This work is devoted to the review of materials on the use of oxytocin drug. This drug is widely used in many branches of surgery because of its numerous ranges of effects: bactericidal, immunogenic, regenerative, potentiates the antimicrobial action of antibiotics, inhibits antilysozymic activity and the formation of biofilms of microorganisms. The role of oxytocin has not been studied thoroughly in other areas of medicine that could open new perspectives in the prevention and treatment of diseases.

The article presents a brief history of the organization and work of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Medical Faculty of Ulyanovsk State University.