The object of the study were 616 girls and women aged 16-29 years who are domiciled in Penza and Penza region. Of those in group A included women born in 1988-1990, surveyed in 2006-2008, in group B - girls born in 1991-1995, surveyed in 2009-2012. Groups C and D accounted surveyed from 2013 to 2015 and 1996-1997 girls born in 1997-1998, respectively. The average age in the youth group was 19.3±0.06 years in general. Group D accounted for 107 of the first mature age women (24-29 years), 1986-1990 birth. Research results from 2008 and 2015 allow to define the increasing trend to ginecomorphy in first adulthood, continued asthenia and normalization of overall weight and growth relations in adolescence at slightly different longitudinal dimensions. Body mass index, as well as an index of a trophy indicates the appearance of a large number of the first mature age women with excess weight (33%), which is a risk factor for heart disease and blood vessels, accelerating the pace of aging and other diseases. Component part of the body in the female group tends to be the replacement of the active muscle to fat, which is most pronounced among women of the first mature age.

Most of the current information on the lymphatic flow bed of the heart was obtained by the method of interstitial injection of various dyes, including the masses of Gerot. Low information content and numerous artifacts do not allow us to consider the data obtained by this method on lymphatic microvessels of myocardium reliable. The purpose of the work is to confirm or refute the data on the presence of lymphatic microvessels in the myocardium, using various methods for their detection. The vessels of the microvascular flow bed of the myocardium of intact experimental animals, rats (n = 7), cats (n = 3), rabbits (n = 3) was detected by the methods of Grant and Ranvier-Goyer in modification II. Markov. As a control, a universal method for the impregnation of argyrophilic structures was used. The data obtained give unambiguously reason to believe that there are no lymphatic microvessels in the myocardium of mammals.

The aim of the study is the determining of the variability of the forms and some dimensional indicators of the small glands of the vestibule of the vagina in the main periods of human postnatal ontogenesis by the macro-microscopic method. On 163 total vestibule preparations of the vagina of different ages, the shape and size of the small glands were studied. The glands were stained with methylene blue solution. The results of the study showed that the size parameters of the glands of the walls of the vestibule of the vagina, during the period of postnatal ontogenesis, increase in comparison with the neonatal period and reach the maximum ontogenetic value in the 1st period of mature age. Starting from the 2nd period of mature age, the size of the initial part of the small glands of the vestibule is reduced. Compared with the 1st period of mature age, the length of the initial section of the glands in old age decreases 1.5-1.7 times, the width of the initial section decreases 1.3-1.7 times. The shape of the glandular apparatus of the vestibule of the vagina also changes significantly throughout postnatal ontogenesis. In newborns and in early childhood, the glands are predominantly of the simplest form - with one initial part. The maximum diversity of the form of the small glands of the vestibule is at the age of 22-35 years. This is reflected in a decrease in the occurrence of simple-shaped glands with one initial section and an increase in the percentage of more complex glands with a significant number of initial sections.

Differences in the degree of development of the bones of the proximal part of the thoracic limbs are associated with the peculiarities of the biomechanics of the mammalian species. Symmetric locomotion is characteristic of Bovinae. In the comparative anatomical aspect, it is of interest to clarify the asymmetry of the anatomical structures that provide this kind of movement. The purpose of the study is the analyze the features of the structure and systemic organization of the humerus of large cloven-hoofed animals with a dorso-stable type of locomotion using the example of a domestic bull. The results of a study of the features of the systemic organization of the anatomical structures of the humerus of the domestic bull based on the measurement of its osteometrical parameters are presented. On each bone of 40 animals, 29 structures were measured. The values of the linear parameters were normalized, the transverse diameter of the bone shaft in the middle of its length was taken as a unit. Further, separately in the group of drugs of the right and left sides, the normalized values of linear and angular parameters were processed by the method of factor analysis. Three factors have been identified that affect the structure of the right humerus, four - on the structure of the left humerus. The parameters present in the system organization of both bones were identified as systemically stable. Analysis of the structure of the anatomical organization of the humerus of the bull allowed to identify five basic systemically stable parameters in the structure of the proximal epiphysis, three in the structure of the diaphysis and eight in the structure of the distal epiphysis. Parameters that are present only in the system organization of one of the bones and indicate an asymmetry in the performance of the function are designated as systemically unstable. There are four unstable parameters at the level of the proximal epiphysis, two at the distal level. The asymmetry of the systemic organization is manifested due to the difference in the implementation of the motor function at the levels of the epiphyses of the bone. As a result of the study, it was found that the basic systemically stable parameters that ensure the transmission of animal weight play a key role in the formation of the systemic organization of the humerus. The asymmetry of systemic organization is manifested due to the difference in the realization of motor function at the levels of the epiphyses of the bone, which indicates the morphological and functional differentiation of the epiphyses of mammals, reflecting the specificity of the type of movement.

The development of tumors in the body is a powerful factor in the dysfunction of the immune system. The features of involution processes in the thymus in experimental carcinogenesis are due to impaired metabolism in the body as a whole and the production of lymphoid cells with altered functions. The purpose of the study is to summarize data from modern scientific literature and own research on the accidental transformation of the thymus and the reaction of its cellular structures against the background of experimental carcinogenesis with the development of a mammary gland tumor, stress and the combined effect of these factors. Based on the analysis, it was found that dendritic and mast cells of the thymus respond most actively to tumor growth and stress. Morphometric parameters and changes in organ's cytoarchitecture correspond to the phases of the development of accidental involution, which is most pronounced with the combined effect of two factors. A significant role in these processes belongs to biogenic amines and hormones. The introduction of carcinogens leads to a structural reorganization of the gland: the lobules become more elongated, the interlobular spaces increase, the thickness of the cortical and the area of the medulla increase. There is a decrease in the number of S-100+-cells, an increase in the number of mast cells with a predominance of degranulated and completely devastated forms. The level of histamine in the cells of the pre-medullar area decreases in 1,3 times, in the thymocytes of the cortex and medulla in 1,7 times. Along with the change in the level of biogenic amines, there is a decrease in the ratio of their ratio, which indicates an increase in the functional activity of cells. Against the background of stress, as an additional factor that depresses the immune system, there is a pronounced disorganization of the thymus lobes: a decrease in the thickness of the cortical and the area of the medulla, expansion and filling of the interlobular connective tissue septa with adipose tissue. The number of dendritic cells also decreases and the content of degranulated and completely devastated forms of mast cells increases, the level of histamine significantly decreases in all structures. Thus, data from the literature and our own research indicate that the combined effect of carcinogenesis and stress leads to more pronounced changes in the structure of the thymus in the process of accidental involution and the structural specificity of its manifestations.

In the modern clinical practice there is an increase in the use of hormones, their analogues and substances with hormone-like action in medical practice for the regulation of the menstrual cycle, conception, prevention, maintenance and resolution of pregnancy. According to official reports, in recent years, the number of annual cycles of assisted reproductive technology with hormonal support has increased six times in the country. The purpose of the review is to summarize current data on the effects of experimental and clinical effects of various doses of estrogens and drugs with estrogenic effects during the period of prenatal development on the morphology of the reproductive organs of the offspring in postnatal ontogenesis. The materials for the meta-analysis of the data were the results of relevant studies of domestic and foreign authors and their own published data. The article summarizes current data demonstrating the effects of experimental effects of various doses of estrogen and drugs with an estrogenic effect during the period of prenatal development on the morphology of the reproductive organs of the offspring in postnatal ontogenesis. The data on therapeutic, subtoxic and toxic doses of the effects of estrogen preparations in various experimental models are summarized, causing latent and morphologically manifested changes in the reproductive organs of the offspring.

The article is a little modified and edited version of an article by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Boris Nikityuk (1933-1998), an famous Soviet and Russian anatomist and anthropologist, initiator of publications and founder of the scientific journal «Russian Morphological Newsletter», which was the opening first article in the first issue of this journal. The Editorial Board of the journal publishes this article in memory of the 85th anniversary date of birth (1933) of the founder of the journal, Professor Boris Nikityuk and on occasion of the 25th anniversary, which was in 2018 since the date of the founding of the journal «Morfologicheskie Vedomosti - Morphological Newsletter» (1993). It is devoted to the most pressing problem in the modern world from a scientific anatomical and anthropological point of view - the morphological, more precisely biological, consequences of one of the most difficult and catastrophic social phenomena - wars. Numerous scientific data, including the author’s own data, are argue the point of view, expressed a century ago by renowned anthropologist Valerian Bunak’s, that wars have as their main consequence not a direct reduction in the number of people who have the best physical qualities, but more pronounced and adverse effects on populations of subsequent generations. The author uses the term original scientific term «biological well-being» of a species «homo sapiens» as one of the criteria characterizing its evolution in the absence of wars and the peaceful coexistence of peoples. The title of the article has been changed, as a main conclusion of the article has been added the phrase «from homo sapiens to homo placidus» and also has been added the references, which are absent in original text.