The aim was to study the severity of asymmetry on different forms of the facial skull with regard to gender. It was studied 70 specially selected turtles of people of different ages from the craniological collection of the fundamental museum of the human anatomy department of the Azerbaijan Medical University. The characteristic of the group of skulls that was study was carried out on the basis of the upper index of the face. To study the asymmetry of the facial skull, the fan-shaped method of morphometry was used. The digital data of our study were subjected to statistical processing. An analysis of the data obtained indicates the absence of statistically significant sexual differences in the sizes of the contralateral sides of all the studied parameters of the upper fan for skulls with different face shapes. In the women's series on the lateral fan the asymmetry is almost negligible. In the men's series, almost all indicators on the lateral fan show stable left-sided asymmetry. The exception is the distance from the zygo-maxillary point to the lowest point of the pear-shaped hole. In the lower fan on the turtles with a narrow and broad face in the female series of skulls, left-sided asymmetry is observed in almost all signs. On turtles with a face of medium width, both significant left-sided and right-sided asymmetry are noted. In the male series, in general, the asymmetry is much less pronounced than in the female series of skulls. The exception is the subspinal-dacryon distance on wide-faced skulls in the male skull series was found right-sided asymmetry, which is not typical for the female series.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the actual medical and social problems of modern society. Its growth is observed everywhere and acquires the features of an epidemic that covers most countries of the world. According to the WHO, there are currently about 200 million people with diabetes in the world. However, there is no doubt that diabetes affects many organs and life support systems. The role of the mother’s diabetes in the violation of the morphogenesis of various organs and systems of the posterity is still not clear. In this regard, the purpose of this research was to analyze the characteristics of the spermatogenic cycle of the posterity of female rats with experimental type 1th diabetes in the early neonatal period. The object of the research was the posterity of female rats with experimental type 1th diabetes in the early neonatal period (on the first day after birth). Diabetes was modeled in adult mature female rats according to the technique using streptozotocin. An analysis of the results allows us to state that posterity of mothers with experimental type 1th diabetes have a violation of the spermatogenic cycle, which is manifested in reducing the weight parameters of the sex gland, reducing the area of the parenchyma and increasing the area of the stroma, reducing the area of the seminiferous tubules, the total number of spermatogenic cells and their subpopulation composition and, as a result, a decrease in the spermatogenesis index, as well as a decrease in the cell index. It is the ratio of the total number of spermatogenic cells to the number of sustentocytes. Thus, the results indicate that the rat’s offspring with reduced start of health including reproductive is born in female rats with experimental type 1th of the diabetes mellitus.

By ultrasonography was study the anatomical structure of the common carotid arteries and the total thickness of their inner and middle membranes (intima-media complex) in Evenks in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), depending on age and gender. It were studied 210 patients aged 21 to 74 years, the average age was 47 years. The thickness of the intima-media complex was measured on the back (relative to the sensor) vessel wall 1-1,5 cm proximal to the bifurcation. In the presence of thickening of the complex, the measurement was performed in the zone of maximum visual thickening. It was found that the diameter of the left common carotid artery is larger than the diameter of the right; an increase in the total thickness of the inner and middle membranes of the common carotid arteries with age occurs more on the left side, regardless of gender. The average age at which there is a thickening of the intima-media complex to 1,0 mm or more in general for all groups was 58,73 years, which is 5,2 years later than among residents of Central Russia.

Information on the size, anatomy and topography of the incisive canal is necessary to prevent complications during reconstructive operations in the anterior part of maxilla. The aim of the study was to study the variant anatomy and topography of the incisive canal depending on the type of bone palate. The objects of the study were computed tomograms of 174 adult people of both sexes from the age of 21 to 35 years (80 men and 94 women). The objects of study were divided into groups of leptostaphilia, mesostaphilia and brachistaphilia depending on the value of the palatine index of the face. On cone-radial computed tomograms were measured the number of nasal and incisive openings, their size and shape, the distance from the incisive opening to the labial-lower and palatine-lower points of the alveolar process and the anterior teeth of the upper jaw, the length, shape, type and angles of the incisal canal, the distance from the incisive canal to the tops of the roots of the upper incisors and canines, the thickness of the bone tissue anteriorly to the incisive canal. It was established that the sizes of the nasal and incisive openings, the length of the incisive canal were greater in men, and the distances from the incisal opening to the labial-lower and palatine-lower points of the alveolar process - in women. The length of the incisal canal in individuals of the leptostaphilia group is greater than in individuals of the brachistaphilia group. The thickness of the alveolar bone from the labial wall of the incisive canal to the vestibular cortical plate of the alveolar process at the level of the palatine and middle third of the length of the incisive canal in individuals with brachistaphilia is greater than in individuals with leptostaphilia. The angle of inclination of the incisal canal relative to the plane of the bone part of palate in individuals with brachistaphilia is greater than in individuals with leptostaphilia, and relatively the long axis of the alveolar bone, on the contrary, is smaller. Thus, the incisor canal in adults has a pronounced individual variability in size, shape and topography, depending on the type of bone palate and sex.

A significant part of the II^nd type of Dogiel cells in the intestines of mammals have very short neuromatous processes of the cytoplasm - paraphytes, closely adjacent to the wall of blood and lymphatic microvasculature. They can be random or true afferent synapses of these neurons involved in the innervation of the intestinal vessels. The purpose of the work is to prove at the morphological level the participation of paraphytes of the II^nd type of Dogiel cells in the innervation of intestinal micro vessels. Total, impregnated by silver preparations of the wall of the small intestine of intact outbred cats (n=5) were studied. It was found that neurocytes located on the periphery of the ganglia have short, unbranched processes and form local contacts with the wall of micro vessels. At the microscopic level, these contacts are detected as clearly formed receptor structures in the form of preterminal or terminal plaques. Thin non-branching processes depart not only from the area of the pericarion of neurons, but also from paraphytes. It was also possible to detect the syncytial connections of these processes with the pericarions of adjacent neurons. Often, paraphytes with large lamellae were contacted with narrow cytoplasmic ligaments with pericarions. This suggests that such lamellae are potential cytomers in the area of the microvascular channel of the intestine. Parafites of the II^nd type of Dogiel cells are involved in the innervation of intestinal micro vessels and are potential cytomeres that contribute to the regeneration of cellular elements of the micro vessel wall.

According to the literature, the study of the typical anatomy of the thyroid gland is an urgent problem of modern medicine. Performing surgical interventions on the thyroid gland, as a rule, is associated with significant technical difficulties due to the exceptional variability of the organs form. Objective of this research was studying the patterns of anatomical variability of the shape of the thyroid gland in individuals with various forms of the neck and body type. Work is performed with using autopsy material of 120 bodies (67 men and 52 women) long lived in the territory of the Rostov region and died of the diseases which are not connected with pathology of organs of a neck. In the course of work, the sizes of the right and left thyroid lobes and the size of the isthmus were determined. For identification of a shape of a thyroid gland used Y.V. Maleevs recommendations (2016). The shape of a neck was defined according to coefficient of proportionality of width of a neck of T.P. Tikhonova and E.V. Zakhvatova (2006), the constitutional type of the person by means of a technique of L. Rees - H.J. Eisenck (1945). The checked measurements allowed to differentiate a form of a butterfly (50,5%), a form of letter «Н» (18,3%), boat shaped (20,1%) and semilunar (11,1%) forms. Significant differences in the morphometric parameters of various forms of the thyroid gland were established (р<0,05). The correlations between the shape of the thyroid gland and the shape of the neck (r=0.51), between the shape of the thyroid gland and the somatic type of a person (r=0.63) were determined. In the course of work are formulated as patterns of anatomical variability of the shape of thyroid gland: The thyroid gland in the form of a butterfly is characteristic of normostenic (58,7%) and astenic (36,5%) types from normal (35,5%) and thin (53,2%) shapes of a neck; thyroid gland in the form of letter «Н» - for persons pyknic (54,5%) and normostenic (27,3%) types with a wide shape of a neck (45,5%); thyroid glands boat shaped and semilunar forms - for persons of pyknic type (85,5% and 90,9% respectively) with a wide shape of a neck (69,6% and 72,7% respectively).

The aim of the study was to conduct an anthropometric analysis of the parameters of the head and face in adult patients with beta thalassemia major. The anthropometric parameters of the soft tissues of the head and face were studied in 34 patients with large β-thalassemia: 16 men (mean age 23,3±0,9 years) and 18 women (mean age 21,8±1,5 years). To describe the craniofacial characteristics of the subjects, 38 linear parameters of the head and face were measured by the L. Farkas method. The average values of the parameters were compared with the parameters of a healthy group of people identical in gender, age and ethnic origin. The results of the study revealed that 1/3 of the anthropometric parameters of the soft tissues of the head and face in patients with large β-thalassemia differed from the data of a healthy group of people. In patients with beta thalassemia major, a decrease in the size of the head, nose and lower jaw was revealed. A decrease in the front height of the head, the combined height of the head and face, the length of the head, the width of the head, the width of the base of the skull indicates insufficient growth of the bones of the facial skull in these patients. Thus, a morphological examination of the parameters of the soft tissues of the head and face provides a more detailed picture of their features and morphogenesis of the craniofacial structures, which is important in the diagnosis of the disease and the treatment of patients with beta thalassemia major.

For microscopic objects in the form of spheres of different radii have been calculated the functions of distribution of the cross sections radii, taking into account the dependence on the position of the plane of the slice. Taking into account this dependence, the distribution functions of the cross sections radii of the spheres whose radii were given by the normal distribution law with the variation of its parameters were calculated. It is found that the difference between the given distribution function of the radii of spheres and the distribution function of their sections in the plane of the slice depends on the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean value of the radii. Depending on this relation, two simple algorithms are proposed to reconstruct the distribution function of the radii of objects by the distribution function of the radii of their sections. It is shown that these algorithms can be used to correct the experimental curve of the size distribution of micro-objects in the form of ellipsoid.

For storage and open demonstration of moist anatomical educational preparations and museum exhibits proposed to use a new preservative, which is an aqueous solution of 0.014-0.019% 3-iodine-2-propinilbutilcarbonate. The solution has high antiseptic activity and does not have a local irritant effect on the skin, mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, as well as on the conjunctiva of the eyes. The proposed preservative is non-toxic and environmentally safety. Long-term storage and use of anatomical preparations in the proposed preservative does not cause any damaging changes, violations of their shape, structure and color. The method is patented by the Russian Patent Agency.