On continuous series of frontal total sections painted by krezily violet the cytoarchitectonics of the field 10 of prefrontal cortex of female brain of elderly age (62-71 years) was studied. In total 10 hemispheres of brain are studied. Morphometric researches of cytoarchitectonics characteristics of this structure of a brain have been conducted. It is established that at women of elderly age by comparison to women of adulthood statistically significant reduction of thickness of cortex of the field 10, thickness of an associative layer III, the size of the profile field of pyramidal neurons in layer III of cortex of the field 10, a share of satellite glia and neurons surrounded with them is observed. At elderly women in the field 10 increase of total number of glia and size of a glial index is noted. Larger level of changes of the morphometric characteristics is revealed in the right hemisphere.

We evaluate the brachiocephalic trunk arteries remodeling in 197 patients with stable angina Canadian class I and II treated with lipid lowering therapy within 1 year. In patients of group 1 treated with high dose of rosuvastatin (20 mg daily) and group 2 treated with atorvastatin 40 mg daily with dose escalation and possible addition of ezetimibe 10 mg daily to achieve the target level of LDL or ≥ 50% of its initial level decreasing we observed regression of atherosclerosis in brachiocephalic trunk arteries. In patients of group 3 who received moderate dose of simvastatin (40 mg daily) we revealed stabilization of atherosclerosis in brachiocephalic trunk arteries.

By means of microscopy with differential staining of connective and lymphoid tissues there was studied the structure of lymphoid tissue, “associated” with the mucosa in the wall of the ureters in men and women during the stages of ontogenesis. It is shown that the mucosa in the wall of the ureters undergoes age-related restructuring, which are characterized by qualitative and quantitative changes of its components: elastic, reticular, collagenous fibers and cells of the lymphoid order. The boundaries of involutive processes in the mucosa of the wall of the ureters were studied. The cell composition of the lymphoid neoplasms and their cytoarchitectonics in men and women mature, elderly and senile age was represented in this article.

The state of autorosette formation (ARO) in the peripheral blood under the influence of polluted atmospheric air to the blood in healthy children studying in schools located in areas with different air pollution index (API) and in terms of their everyday life. It is established that the contaminated ambient air is a risk factor for health students, with problems in their body indicates the increase in peripheral blood leukocyte numbers Autoreset (AR) with their extension by morphotype and the emergence of a large number of platelets aggregation (TAG) lysis.

With the macro-microscopic methods studied quantitative and structural characteristics of the esophageal glands in different periods of postnatal ontogenesis. Revealed the age peculiarities of the number of glands and previously unknown patterns of structural organization of own human esophageal glands, their unequal distribution in the perimeter wall of the esophagus. Demonstrated gradual involution of the glands, manifested in the reduction of their number and size, simplified forms of glands that is more pronounced in old age.

The article presents the results of study of pathomorphological changes in the dental pulp of sheep during experimental osteoporosis. The pulp was extracted after cracking the teeth. The sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson and impregnable silver Belkovskogo - gross and Ft. Set deep vascular disturbances (vasodilatation, stasis, perivascular edema with cellular infiltration, hemorrhage), leading to vacuolization of odontoblasts, reticular dystrophy of the pulp and violate the integrity of argyrophilic and nervous structures. These violations combined with the phenomena of proliferation of cellular elements of connective tissue and neural elements and the formation of denticles.

One of the most urgent problems in medical science is the impact of endocrine disruptors on the functioning of endocrine glands. Of particular interest to scientists are the effects of low dose exposure to a widespread endocrine disruptor dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on a developing organism. Due to the antiandrogenic effect of DDT, the study of patterns and particularities of morphological and functional changes in both sexes is extremely important for understanding mechanisms of action of this endocrine disruptor. The aim of this research was to study morphofunctional changes in the thyroid and identifying gender differences in Wistar rats exposed to low doses of DDT from birth to puberty. Animals in experimental groups were given a solution of o,p-DDT at a concentration of 20mkg / L for 6 weeks instead of water. Average daily consumption of o, p-DDT was 3,71 ± 0,15pg/kg. Quantification of serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3) were performed by ELISA, using commercially available kits (“Cusabio Biotech”, China; “Monobind”, USA). Examination of histological slides of the rat thyroid after the PAS-reaction was performed by light microscopy and computer morphometry using “Image ProPlus” program (“Leica Microsystems”, Austria), separately in peripheral and central regions of the thyroid.The results of morphological, morphometric and biochemical analyses have shown that exposure to low doses of DDT led to a decrease in functioning of the gland in both rat males and females. Analysis of morphological changes in experimental groups compared to controls has shown that their character differs between males and females, but the most conspicuous changes were found in peripheral regions of the thyroid parenchima. In females, however, a smaller decrease in thyroxine production has been observed due to an increase in functioning of follicles in the peripheral regions of the thyroid and the beginning of microfollicular reconstruction in the central region.

One of the major problems of the reconstructive surgery is to optimize the processes of the bone tissue regeneration. As a consequence, there is the need to create the most appropriate conditions for the formation of bone tissue after toothprotecting operations. Objective:to study the process of new formation of the bone after toothprotecting operations using in the defect of bone tissue the osteotrophic material «Alloplant». To patients from 20 to 46 years there were conducted toothprotecting operations. The postoperative bone defect was filled with osteotrophic material “Alloplant” which is produced from the donor cadaveric material in the Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Centre “Alloplant” in Ufa. There were applied luminescent-histochemical and specific methods. The analysis was performed on the operation day and in 3, 7, 30 and 120 day after it. To determine the direction and degree of statistical changes there was applied T-Wilcoxon test. Neuroamine environment remains high up to 30 days after the surgery. It is possible that at this time cell differentiation happens and further decreases to levels seen by healthy patients. With complete recovery of the bone defect and the final formation of the bone plates heparin sulfatedness increases with the appearance of Y-metachromasia fat cells. This indicates about the higher carbohydrate component sulfatedness, which is characteristic of мature fat cells.

For the purpose of the analysis of the age, sexual, individual and combined variability of the angle of connection (AC) of vertebrata and the angle of bifurcation (AB) of a basilar artery, 68 preparations of a brain from corpses of adults have been studied. Electronic photos of these preparations imported to the application computer program “Micrografx Designer 9,0” where they measured size AB basilar and AC of vertebral arteries. Research has shown that the size of these corners has no significant sexual distinctions. AC of vertebral arteries can be narrow, average and wide; bifurcation basilar artery can happen under a narrow, average and wide corner. Age of owners of a narrow and wide AB, and also the corners of the same name AC of vertebral arteries have no statistically significant distinctions. In extreme groups of variability the bigger representation of males is noted. At people of advanced age size AB statistically significantly for 16%, and the size AC 17% more, than at people in the 1-st period of mature age. Increase in size of the studied corners happens with age gradually therefore significant distinctions between adjacent age groups aren’t revealed. The combined variability of angular parameters of intra cranial arteries of vertebrobasilar system has allowed to distinguish 8 options of geometry of these arteries.

Objective: to study the relationship between the frequency of thyroid pathology of residents of the Penza city and the Penza region and the content of microelements in water and soil. Material and research methods: statistical data of thyroid disorders of residents of the Penza city and the Penza region and of the level of mineral contamination of environment from 2000 to 2013. Analyzed the content of iron, nitrites, fluorine in the water; cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in the soil. All cases of thyroid pathology were divided into 5 groups: diffuse goiter, multinodular goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis. Quantitative data were processed by variational-statistical methods, using the non-parametric correlation and dispersion factorial analysis. It has been established that there is a strong correlation between the content of zinc in the soil and the incidence of diffuse goiter, content of cadmium in the soil and the incidence of hypothyroidism and diffuse goiter, content of fluoride in water and incidence of thyrotoxicosis. Effect of mineralization is evident not only within the same year, but there is deferred effect.

Using the methods of complex (review histologic, histochemical, immunocytochemical and morphometric methods) in an experimental model of chronic suppurative otitis media identified the main factors and regularities in the reparative histogenesis of dogs tympanic membrane tissues. It has been shown that mitotic index in epithelial tissue of the tympanic membrane was greatest at the end of the first week of remission of chronic suppurative otitis media, and then decreased. At the end of the first week it was observed and marked expression of the marker protein content (Ki67). The main proliferation of fibroblasts, morpho-functional organization that testified to their high functional synthetic activity was noted during the first two weeks. The results of myringoplasty conducted using nanostructured bioplastic-material based on hyaluronic acid in the various terms of remission of chronic suppurative otitis media showed that the best results are observed at myringoplasty its holding in the first two weeks after the inflammation subsided. The results showed that, to ensure optimal conditions for the implementation of the histogenesis of reparative tissue of the tympanic membrane in a remission of chronic suppurative otitis media must be no pronounced inflammation in the middle ear, the implementation myringoplasty in the first weeks of remission, as well as the use of bioplastic material bidegradiruemogo myringoplasty goals.

71 biopsies of mucosa membrane of colon of 50 patients of both sexes with irritable bowel syndrome were researched using histological, histochemical, bacterioscopic and microscopic methods. Mucosa membrane of colon was contaminated with campylobacter in 67,6%, with fungi of the genus Candida in 50.7% and with cryptosporidium in 28.2%. Chronic catarrhal colitis was diagnosed in 46.5% of cases, chronic catarrhal follicular colitis in 19.7% of cases, chronic catarrhal hemorrhagic colitis in 4,2% of cases, tubular adenoma in 22.5%, follicular ileitis in 8.5%. These results may indicate a chronic inflammation of the colon mucosa membrane. It is necessary to consider this in the differential diagnosis of the disease.

In this work anthropometric examination of 260 women of the сaucasians of advanced age who were born and constantly living in the Yakutia is conducted. Anthropometric researches were conducted by V. V. Bunak (1941) technique, index of sexual dimorphism of Tanner (1968) was carried. Calculation of components of a body (fat, muscle and bone) was carried out on formulas J. Mateika (1921). The body mass index (BMI) was used. It is established that most of women of caucasians (56-74 years) had mezomorf type (70,4%). The ginekomorf type was registered at 21,5%, andromorf - 8,1% of women. Anthropometric indicators of the physical status of women had dependence on type of sexual dimorphism. It is taped that length of a body of persons of different types didn’t differ. It is established larger weight and BMI at persons of andromorf type. Indicators of thickness of fatty fold were more at women of andromorf type. They determined larger grasp sizes of a brachium, forearm, wrist, thorax, breeches, femurs, an anticnemion and distal diameters of a brachium, forearm and femur. Smaller indicators of distal diameters are established at women of ginekomorf type. Indicators of pelvis diameter and brachiums of representatives of different types had the classical characteristic: women of andromorf type had larger diameter of brachiums and smaller diameter of a pelvis, and the representative of ginekomorf type -smaller diameter of brachiums and larger diameter of a pelvis. Similar indicators of mesomorf women were intermediate. Absolute measures of fatty, muscle and bone mass were significantly more at women of andromorf type. The relative number of fatty weight is significant more at women of andromorf type and less at women of ginekomorf type. Significant differences in indicators of relative muscle mass depending on body type at women of caucasians of advanced age it isn’t taped.

Material of research were 10 jaws of a pig house. The central object of research - group of constant cutters on which the studied structure is expressed most distinctly. It is revealed that ways of eruption of tooth germ the anatomic education including: the covering channel gubernacular the bone channel, a parietal cover, a liquid layer, a visceral cover covering gubernacular chord and chord. The layer of liquid and its localization allow to assume, that she plays an important role in the course eruption of tooth and occurs from an interstition of a pulp of the formed tooth. Results confirm the concept eruption of the gubernacular channel and him elements until eruption and in a considerable distance from him. The regularities of a structure of ways of eruption, which are distinctly shown on cutting teeth, are characteristic of all types of teeth of the studied objects.

Cusing luminescence-andimmunohistochemical methods was investigated bone marrow of mice at various times after autograft. The aim of the research was to study the interface between the neurotransmitter sectors Structural-functional units of bone marrow autograft. The experiment revealed that neyroaminy exercise control over reproduction, differentiation of bone marrow cell structures by means of the synthesis of biologically active substances released into the extracellular space. Secrete substances affect the correlation between neyroaminami in the bone marrow, altering the intracellular regulation. The effect of serotonin on the index containment processes proliferating cells or enhanced processes of reproduction of these cells. Revealed regulatory link in the bone marrow, exercising control over the reproduction of cells.

One of the integral indicators of children’s health is a physical development. This indicator allows evaluating how global changes in human development, as well as current changes in populations. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the physical development of boys and girls of school-age city of Ulyanovsk and the Ulyanovsk region. Within five years (2008-2012) were examined 4053 learners, including 2063 boys and 1990 girls aged 7 to 17 years, residing in the Ulyanovsk region. The measurements were performed by standard anthropometric methods. In boys of the Ulyanovsk city in all age groups the values of anthropometric indicators is higher than that of rural with a high degree of reliability. Up to 15 years values of anthropometric measures at girls in urban schools is higher than in rural areas. In all age groups, both boys and girls, is dominated by the learners of the 1st level of health with a satisfactory adaptation of the organism to the environment. With age, a reduction in the proportion of learners with a satisfactory adaptation and increases the proportion of adolescents with stress type of adaptation mechanisms and with poor adaptation. In almost all age groups, girls are more resistant to environmental influences and have a greater adaptive capacity than boys.

Modern requirements to the study of socially significant diseases, a significant proportion of who are caused environmentally, dictate new approaches to their diagnosis and the search for the causes of development. According to several studies, the majority of chronic human diseases, one way or another, related to the impairment of balance of macro and micronutrients. A number of pathological conditions correlated directly with the influence of the environment and with ratio of the concentration of chemical elements in the environment and the body, which forming the immunological status and biochemical balance, and involved in the homeostasis of the organism as a whole. The purpose of the review - on the basis of published data and our own studies is show the prospects of the study of content and the role of some chemical elements in various tissues of the human body in the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic allergic diseases of the respiratory system. Recent studies of the authors of element status in children with bronchial asthma in the study of their hair revealed an imbalance of detention of a number of trace elements. Most of the children there was a deficit of some elements, among which the magnesium occupies a leading position. In other children have been identified an excess of toxic elements. In adult patients with longer duration of asthma such changes are rare on the data of the literature. The importance of an integrated micro and macro balance study defined high biological activity and physiological significance of many of their complex relationships of their exchange. Changes in the concentration of a number of elements in the hair, the nails, in the peripheral blood and the structures of the respiratory ways vary considerably depending on the environmental conditions, the geography of the regions and professional human activity and are promising areas for further study with regard to their etiological and diagnostic significance. The results of study of elements composition of tissues, must, according to the author’s opinion, attract the attention of researchers to the problem of the relationship of biochemical and immunological processes in the study of the important environmental aspects of allergic diseases in humans.