Amorphological examination has been conducted on the crus arteries (a.a tibialis anterior et posterior) and their accompanying deep veins (v.v.tibialis anterior et posterior) in autopsy material. The research goal is revealing the characteristics of the histotopographic relationships between human crus arteries and their accompanying veins. The obtained findings give reason to believe that arteries and deep veins develop vessel networks similar to “complex vessels” of aquatic mammals.

The asthma is a multi-functional pathology, which is based on cellular and humoral mechanisms of the damage to various organs and tissues. Most often the digestive system is involved in this pathological process. The aim of the research was investigate ultra-structural features of cells of the gastric mucosa as the central organ in the digestive and having more different populations of cells involved in different functions in the asthma of varying severity. The material for the study was the biopsy specimens of the stomach from 19 patients with controlled asthma mild, from 15 patients with bronchial asthma of moderate severity and from 12 patients with a severe degree. Semi-thin sections were examined on a optic binocular microscope with the digital analyzer; ultra-thin sections were examined on a transmission electron microscope. The article present results of ultra-structural studies of disorders of stomach cells at the bronchial asthma. Authors found that at different severity of asthma observed characteristic for each group of abnormalities in epithelial secretory cells and in cells of the lamina propria of the mucous membranes. It is revealed that integrated basic therapy of bronchial asthma of moderate severity has a membrane-stabilizing effect on the cells of the mucosa, but in all groups can be traced ultra-structural changes of organelles in the proximal and in the distal stomach. In article presents some ultra-structural evidence of the cell-tissues remodeling process in different parts of the stomach in the bronchial asthma.

The morphofunctional differences of colon between sexes are not well studied. The goal of this research is to study the sexual difference of structural components of mucosal layer in different parts of colon in adult mice of C57BL/6 strain. The body mass and the length of colon were evaluated and the morphological and morphometric evaluation of mucosal layer were conducted in adult male and female mice of C57BL/6 strain. In comparison with adult females, males tended to have more body weight and longer colon. In colon mucosa, especially in the distal colon, there was greater volumetric proportion of goblet cells and other cell elements, which could reflect the greater intensity of mucosal and immunological compartments. These sex differences in hystophysiology of colon and its parts, evidently, predetermine the course of pathological processes in different parts of colon and in different sexes.

The research of a human thymus at stages of the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis (16-22 weeks) has important practical value for specialists of various areas: immunology, children’s endocrinology, fetal surgery. Development of a morphological basis of the human thymus topography is the key moment for the modern visualization methods allowing revealing functional disturbances of an internal organ. As object of research was 100 human fetuses aged from 16 till 22 weeks of development which was received at artificial interruption of pregnancy according to social indications. The complex of techniques was used in this work: macro and microscopic preparation, gistotopographical method and horizontal cuts planimetry. The quantitative assessment was carried out and the new data on extra organic human thymus topography in the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis which was described in details depending on level and the fetus torsos cut plane were obtained. The results of the researches supplement information about human fetal thymus morphology and may be as a morphological basis for ultrasonography and MRT-research.

The use of immunomodulatory drug in a complex therapy of recurrent bronchial obstruction syndrome in children has been found to attain the best indexes of NK-cells number, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the blood serum with markers CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD19⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ and reduction T-lymphocytes number with marker CD8⁺ in comparison with the control group. After the treatment using Azoximer bromide in children with bronchial asthma and recurrent bronchitis has been found to attain significant increase of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils.

Kriokislorodnaya therapy leads to rapid delimitation and cleanse purulent wounds of necrotic tissue, reduce neutrophil infiltration, contributes to the rapid growth of granulation tissue and reduction of microcirculatory disorders. Local kriokislorodnaya therapy is an effective treatment of purulent wounds-destructive and can be applied in their complex treatment and as an independent method.

The study of the variability of the form and size of the human hand is one of the important problems of the skeletal biology. In recent years, with the development of analytical methods in the biometry is developing new trend of the analysis of biological forms, known as the geometric morphometry. The purpose of this research is the study of the variability of the form of the metacarpus of human hand by the method of the geometric morphometry. The geometric morphometry of digitized images of radiographs of the metacarpus of the right hand 27 men and 20 women with the appropriate software were held. It was found that differences in the geometric space of the distal epiphysis of II-nd and of V-nd metacarpal bones contribute most to the variability of the shapes of the metacarpus. More stable are the proximal epiphysis of II-V-nd and the distal epiphysis of the IV-nd metacarpal bones. The more stable state has the geometric space of the distal epiphysis of the III-nd metacarpal bone. There are statistically significant differences in the centroid size of the metacarpus of men and women. This study demonstrated in the first time the possibility of the geometric analysis of the shape of metacarpus of the hand of the human. The authors have shown the effectiveness and the potential of these methods to evaluate and compare the forms of the hand in twodimensional space. Identified sexual differences of the form of the metacarpus are the result of allometric transformation of entire limb in ontogeny of human.

Studying of linear parameters and coordinate arrangement of ethmoid bone structures in space with the help of standard and computer craniometry has been performed. The length and width of the sieve plate, height, width and length of ethmoidal labyrinth have been measured. Comparative analysis of craniometric data, received by different technics, has shown the differences in tenths of millimeter. This gives evidence of high informational content and accuracy of computer craniometry.

The goal of this paper is obtaining data on the structural arrangement of the initial lymph capillaries. The object of this investigation is the small intestine wall of mature outbred dogs (n=5). The research method consists in staining 5-7 um thick paraffin sections with haematoxylin and eosin, with pararosaniline and toluidine blue. This method allows to eliminate the artefacts that might occur during the intravessel impregnation and interstitial stain injection. Results. Among smooth muscle cells some lymph capillaries have been found whose shape and diameter stand in marked contrast to conventional blind-ended capillaries.

To assess the histopathological changes of renal cell elements, a morphologicaland ultrastructural study of 60 rat kidneys with experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis were conducted. Structural changes were assessed in the kidney medulla, particularly the distribution and size of the calcium deposites. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of the severity indices of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defenses (mitochondrial superoxidedismutase) were determined. On the model of experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis in the rat kidney at the level of light-optical microscopy, signs of histopathological alterations were revealed in the organ, along with the presence of calcium compounds in the kidney tubular system and interstitial cells. Also, the morphological symptoms of activation of the oxidative damage to the tissues and cells, reducing the antioxidant protective mechanisms of the enzymes was noted. Ultrastructural examination of tubular epithelium cells revealed cell membrane and mitochondria injury, presence of apoptotic cells. Usage of a-tocopherol revealed a definite reduction in the severity, in terms of the structural adjustment to renal oxidative damage of the tissues and cells, and preservation of the activity of the antioxidant defense system, as well as a reduction in the number and size of the calcium deposits formed.

There were presented the results of an experimental study of the regeneration of the bone tissue in the orbit of the rabbit after the modeling of the fracture of the inferior orbital wall and plastic surgery of the defect using a polymeric wall implant. Morphological assessment of the periods of the bone regeneration in the orbit of the rabbit (7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 days after surgery) using a polymer implant was characterized by the absence of the inflammatory process and rough fibrosis in the area of injury. The tissue reaction to a foreign body (polymer implant) was not revealed. Osseointegration in the area of the fracture took place with the formation of the osteocel tissue, which was differentiated into the bone tissue. It did not reach the cartilaginous stage. The absence of pathological processes in the area of the bone regeneration of the orbit using the polymer wall implant allows it to be recommended to apply implants “Reperen” for reconstruction of the inferior orbital wall in clinical practice.

Experimentally established that during the first day after acute blood loss occurs morphological changes in the expression of immunohistochemical markers that characterize the epithelial and stromal components оf thyroid gland compared to control animals.

The study of morphological changes directly in areas of inflammatory response in HIV/TB coinfection allow to estimate the functional activity and intercellular relationships of immune cells. The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of expression of CD3⁺,CD7⁺,CD10⁺ biomarkers in foci of granulomatous inflammation in lung tissues of patients who died of HIV / TB co-infection. Autopsy material (n=30) of patients with HIV/TB co-infection was studied, stage 4B-5 - group 1. In the comparison group - a group 2 - includes autopsy cases (n=30) with mono-infection with TB. Immunohistochemical investigation to determine the expression of biomarkers of CD3⁺,CD7⁺,CD10⁺ was performed with using rabbit monoclonal antibodies (Epitomics, Abcam). The severity of biomarker expression was assessed with the use of Image Analysis with subsequent morphometric analysis. The author showed a reduction in the number of morphologically mature CD3+ T-lymphocytes and an increase in the number of immature CD7⁺ T-lymphocytes mainly in foci of productive inflammation, indicating a profound inhibition of the immune response in HIV infection in the terminal stages of immunodeficiency, with the development of tuberculosis. The decrease in the number of CD10+ cells in foci of productive inflammation in lungs, indicating disruption of the processes of B-lymphocyte differentiation, contributing to a deep depression of humoral immunity with weak immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Aim. Study the psychological characteristics and the quality of patients life with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) receiving combination chemotherapy for the development of psychosocial and medical rehabilitation measures. Materials and methods. 18 patients aged of 50 to 76 years examined who were treated in the hematology department. 15 patients were repeat courses of combination chemotherapy (12 patients with CLL and 3 with MM). 15 healthy patients included in control group. For research mental status was used experimentally psychological method MMPI and for estimation quality of life used quality of life questionnaire SF 36. Results. 75% patients receiving combination chemotherapy with targeted agents had a psychological profile MMPI of increase above the normal level and method estimation quality of patients life determined for the most of patients decreased physical and life activity that due to the deterioration of their emotional state. Conclusion. Мanifestations CLL and MM and side effects of actual treatment leads to severe psychopathological changes and lower quality of life so necessary develop rehabilitation programs which include different methods of psychotherapy.

Morphological changes occurring in purulent wounds have been studied in experiments including 138 rats, with the wounds having been simulated on the background of alloxane diabetes under different local means of treatment. It is for the first time that the efficacy of combined use of Miliacile and EHF-therapy in the treatment of purulent wounds has been studied in 32 rats of the basic group. In the rats of control group I (32 rats) the wounds were not treated. The wounds in 32 rats of control group II were treated with Miliacile. The rats in control group III (32 rats) were treated by applying the EHF-therapy. On the basis of clinical and histological studies it was found that the healing process proceeds more favorably in cases with Miliacile and EHF-therapy having been applied.

Histological dyes were obtained from water extracts of nettle leaves and Rowan berries and their staining properties were studied. It was shown that new dyes are cytoplasmic and can be combined with nuclear dyes, for example, with the recently reported dye based on chokeberries. The recipes of dye preparation and staining procedures are simple and cheap and can be used for staining of histological specimens of different organs. Interesting results were obtained after staining of various brain structures. Techniques allow good visualization of nerve fibers and blood vessels and can be used for the study of the brain myelo- and angioarchitecture.

The paper used literature data on the impact of hypothalamic nonapeptide oxytocin in particular for tumor growth and metastasis.

This overview summarizes the current published data on the development of enteric nervous system, the structure of enteric ganglia and the classification of enteric neurons. The morphological changes of enteric nervous system in various diseases are characterized.