The literature devoted to the issues of neurovascular relations in the enteral system of mammals and, especially, of humans is not numerous. But in it there are two extreme points of view. The first – nerve ganglia are limited from surrounding tissues by a barrier, similar to hematoencephalic, the second – there are no blood vessels in the ganglia. But in – the first and the second cases it is necessary to solve the main question – the question of the sources of all the nerve structures of the enteral nervous system. The aim of the study is to prove the existence of various morphological variants of neurovasal relationships in the human enteral nervous system. Autopsy fragments of the small and large intestines of newborns (n = 9) and people of I mature age (n = 12) were studied by classical histological and impregnation methods. The data obtained testify to the modular principle of blood supply to the ganglia and intergangial cords of the human enteral nervous system. These parameters are optimal for both brain neurocytes and neurocytes. They create favorable conditions for differentiation and long-term sustainable survival of an extremely heterogeneous and excessive population of neurocytes. At all stages of differentiation: neuroblast stages, neurocyte growth stages, and neurocyte maturation stages, they are provided with the appropriate morphological variant of neurovasal relationships: interstitial, neurolimphatic, neurolimphogematic, and neurohematological.

Oocyte competence is a determinant of successful fertilization and embryo development. However, the cytophysiological characteristics of oocytes in infertile women differ. Poor oocyte quality may lead to fertilization failure or in vitro embryo developmental arrest. To overcome oocyte activation deficiency in patients with a history of fertilization failure and unsatisfactory embryo quality, artificial oocyte activation (AOA) using calcium ionophores has been proposed as a solution. The analysis of this technology's effectiveness is of interest to both fundamental medicine specialists and ART clinics. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of calcium ionophore-mediated oocyte activation at the embryological stage of assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs in patients with a complex reproductive history and previous unsuccessful infertility treatments. Materials and Methods. In a retrospective analysis, embryological and clinical outcomes were compared between 35 patients who underwent AOA after fertilization and 60 patients in the control group. Results. The main parameters—fertilization rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst formation rate—were equivalent between the groups (p>0.05). A significant difference was observed only in the mean embryo score at transfer (2.91 vs 3.85, p=0.008). Clinical pregnancy rate confirmed by ultrasound (CPR), implantation rate (IR), and live birth rate remained comparable; however, a clinically significant trend toward a reduced difference between the biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates and an increase in CPR was observed in patients whose oocytes underwent AOA. These results may indicate greater embryo competence in this group. The data obtained indicate that embryological and clinical protocols are comparable in ART programs. At the same time, AOA is advisable for patients with an unfavorable reproductive history. To obtain more reliable conclusions, data accumulation and multicenter randomized studies are required. 

Radiofrequency pulmonary artery denervation (RFA-PA) is increasingly used by cardiac surgeons worldwide for the simultaneous surgical correction of cardiac defects and arrhythmias in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to morphologically evaluate the efficiency of pulmonary artery radiofrequency denervation using immunohistochemical staining of ganglionic nerve plexus and autonomic nerve fibres with antibodies against S-100 protein. The study material consisted of 30 lung trunks from people who had died of extra-cardiac pathology, aged between 31 and 65 years (section material obtained at routine autopsies). Immunohistochemical staining was then performed on Leica Bond MAX immunostainer with polyclonal antibody against S-100 protein. The relative area of nerve fibres (Sotn.) was used as a statistical value as the ratio of the average area of stained nerve fibres in the field of view to the area of the whole field of view. Pulmonary nerve fibres after staining for S-100 protein were detected mainly along the left lateral edge of the pulmonary trunk, median Sotn. = 5.72% (95% DI 4.27-8.95). A small number of fine nerve fibres were found in the anterior and posterior walls of the lung trunk, Sotn = 0.99% (95% CI 0.48-0.93), p < 0.0000. In sections of the pulmonary trunk in areas subjected to radiofrequency denervation, nerve fibres did not stain for S-100 protein. This is due to the fact that thermal coagulation of the proteins resulted in the loss of specific three-dimensional structure and antigenic properties, indicating the destruction of autonomic nerve fibres of the pulmonary trunk. Quantitative immunohistochemical evaluation of nerve fibre damage using antibodies against S-100 protein allows the efficiency of RFA of DLA to be estimated.

In the article is presented the evaluation of the influence of the preliminary stage of draining ligature on the processes of remodeling of connective tissue in chronic paraproctitis. The analysis of patients was conducted, to whom excision of pararectal fistula was performed. All patients were divided into 2 groups: main group (with preliminary ligature drainage of the fistulous tract) and comparison group (without drainage). By the method of trichrome staining by Mason it was established the reliable predominance of mature collagen of type I and ordered structure of stroma in the main group. Clinically this was accompanied by reduction of frequency of recurrences and reduction of terms of healing. In the course of the research it was confirmed that preoperative ligature drainage in chronic paraproctitis is a clinically effective method, reliably reducing the frequency of recurrences and improving the indicators of the early postoperative period. The revealed interrelation between favorable morphological changes and improvement of clinical results justifies the application of stepwise ligature treatment in patients with complex forms of chronic paraproctitis.

The greater sciatic foramen is a region of practical interest to a wide range of specialists due to the numerous nerve trunks that pass through it, which may be subjected to compression in this area or be damaged during invasive medical procedures. The aim of the study is to analyze the sources of literature on the anatomy of the greater sciatic foramen and its related components to identify underexplored issues. Materials and Methods. The research materials include information databases, scientific articles, reviews, and monographs available in the public domain and held in the collections of scientific medical libraries. The literature analysis showed that the most studied structure of the greater sciatic foramen is the piriformis muscle. Various classifications of this muscle have been proposed, taking into account the sites of its attachment to the sacrum, the length of its bellies, and the position of the sciatic nerve relative to this muscle. The data presented demonstrate that the question of the influence of the morphology of this muscle on the development of piriformis syndrome remains a topic of discussion and is unresolved. At the same time, the bony structures forming the edges of the sciatic foramen are insufficiently studied. The greater sciatic notch of the pelvic bone shows pronounced sexual dimorphism in size and shape; however, its influence on the parameters of the foramen as a whole is not well-covered in the literature. Conclusion. There is a need to determine the sizes and shapes of the greater sciatic foramen in relation to the sizes of the piriformis muscle, taking into account individual characteristics of the body.