Peter Karuzin (1864–1939) is one of the significant figures in the history of Russian anatomy and medical science during the first half of the twentieth century. Born in St. Petersburg, he developed an early interest in studying human body structure from childhood. He received his education initially at a gymnasium before enrolling in the Medical Faculty of Moscow University where he distinguished himself as a diligent student and promising researcher. After graduating from university in 1889, he began his scientific and pedagogical career on the department of normal anatomy under the leadership of Professor Dmitry Zernov. It was under this professor's guidance that he defended his doctoral dissertation, which became the first major Russian research dedicated to spinal cord morphology. This work marked the beginning of his active academic and teaching career. In subsequent decades, Peter Karuzin combined scientific activity with intensive teaching responsibilities. He supervised practical sessions and developed new teaching methods by successfully incorporating modern European approaches into anatomy instruction. His trip abroad towards the end of the nineteenth century played a particularly important role, as it introduced him to European traditions of anatomical research and educational practices, enriching his knowledge base and serving as a foundation for reforming educational practice in Russia. One of Peter Karuzin's greatest achievements was designing and constructing the modern Anatomy Building of Moscow University. Built between 1926 and 1928, this unique facility provided optimal conditions for training future physicians and conducting scientific research. For many years, Peter Karuzin personally taught numerous courses and conducted practical lessons, preparing a new generation of qualified specialists. Beyond teaching, Peter Karuzin carried out important studies focused on brain and spinal cord structures and functions, developing principles for differentiated study of neural pathways. Additionally, he authored a foundational guidebook on plastic anatomy, widely used among artists and medical professionals alike. The legacy of Peter Karuzin spans a broad range of areas, encompassing both theoretical foundations and methodological advancements in the field of anatomy, as well as direct influence over the formation of generations of Russian medical scientists.