^{Magnetic resonance tomograms of the pelvic organs of patients aged 21 to 35 years (n = 40) without complaints from} the urinary system and without volumetric processes in the pelvic cavity were studied and interpreted to determine the in vivo topographic and anatomical characteristics of the prostate gland and comparison of the obtained data with the existing ones. The following parameters were evaluated: the linear dimensions of the prostate gland (sagittal, frontal, vertical), the volume of the prostate gland, the distance from the gland to the pubic symphysis, to the plane of the entrance to the pelvis, the distance to the sacrum, to the pelvic ring right and left, the length and the square of the contact surface of the prostatic gland to urine bladder, to the rectum and to the seminal vesicles, the distance from the anus to the lowest point of the gland's contacts to the rectum. For all measurements, the mean, the error of the mean, the minimum, the maximum values, and the standard deviation of the observation were calculated. The prostate gland is located below the plane of entry into the pelvis, occupies the middle position in it, the average volume of the prostate gland at the studied stage of ontogenesis is 23.1 ± 0.8 cm3 with a minimum value of 14.6 cm3 and maximum - 33.0 cm3 with an overwhelming prevalence patients with mean values (22 patients from the sample). There is significant variability of the skeleto-topic and syn-topic parameters of the prostate gland.

^{This study describes the types of microcirculatory reaction in women with clinical manifestations of the} postembolization syndrome after treatment of uterine fibromyoma by uterine artery embolization. A computerized capillaroscopy of the 3rd finger nail bed was conducted in 78 women with uterine myoma who were admitted to the gynecological department for treatment with the minimally invasive endovascular embolization of the uterine arteries. The study of the microvasculature of the nail bed was used as a method for assessing the microcirculatory blood flow in the body as a whole in patients in the postoperative period. The study of microcirculation was performed in dynamics before uterine artery embolization and after. In 96% of patients in the postoperative period, a postembolization syndrome of varying severity occurred, in which the patients were divided into 3 groups. According to capillaroscopy data, a preliminary conclusion can be made about the presence of certain changes in microcirculation indices in dynamics depending on the severity of the postembolization syndrome. The capillaroscopy method allows for the in vivo study of microcirculation, to investigate the reactivity of vascular units, depending on the severity of the development of symptoms in the postoperative period in patients.

The features and severity of destructive-necrotic processes of the bone-cartilage complex of the sternum in various clinical forms of infectious and inflammatory complications arising after open-heart surgery have been studied. It has been established that in patients with a diagnosis of instability of the sternum, pathological changes in the bone tissue of the sternum develop in the area of the longitudinal incision. They are characterized by lesions of the bone marrow, impaired blood supply, the formation of foci of suppuration and necrosis of bone tissue. In patients with diagnoses of “osteomyelitis and sternomediastinitis,” destructive-necrotic processes spread to various parts of the bone and cartilage apparatus of the sternum, accompanied by the development of centers of complete bone destruction, the formation of sequestrum and fistulous passages. In some cases, the purulent process extends to the pleura and mediastinum. The etiopathogens of the most pronounced pathological processes were Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

^{The article presents the results of a comparative study of pathomorphological changes in the epidermis and dermis in} seborrheic alopecia and seborrheic dermatitis. 26 patients aged 17 to 60 years with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp (9 people) and seborrheic alopecia (17 people) were examined. As a control group, 9 healthy people were examined. Biopsy was performed in the lesion in the frontal-parietal area by means of a punch-scalpel No. 5 after infiltration anesthesia with 2% lidocaine in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics. Subsequently, the drug was fixed in 10% formalin and after standard histological wiring, the obtained sections with a thickness of 5 µm were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Morphometric study of the epidermis was performed by means of an eyepiece micrometer. In the epidermis the thickness of the epidermis and its layers were determined: basal, spiny, granular. The following parameters were evaluated in the dermis: the presence of lympho-histiocytic infiltrates in the papillary and net dermis, mucoid swelling, sclerosis of the papillary dermis, as well as signs of destruction of the hair follicles. The tendency to increase the thickness of the epidermis associated with an increase in the thickness of the basal and stratum corneum both seborrheic dermatitis and seborrheic alopecia. The thickness of the spinous layer did not change with seborrheic dermatitis, but tended to decrease with seborrheic alopecia. The study of the structure of pathological changes of the dermis at seborrheic dermatitis and seborrheic alopecia showed that the detection rate of lympho- histiocytic infiltrates in the papillary and reticular dermis was statistically significant as in seborrheic alopecia and seborrheic dermatitis. The destruction of hair follicles is associated with the presence of lympho-histiocytic infiltrates, both in the papillary and in the net dermis as in seborrheic alopecia, and seborrheic dermatitis. The difference between seborrheic dermatitis and seborrheic alopecia was the low frequency of registration of sclerosis of the papillary dermis.

By the looking at data from literature frequency of postoperative complications at surgical treatment thyroid diseases remains high. The aim of our study was to explore anatomical features of thyroid and parathyroid, position of recurrent laryngeal nerve and cervical part of lymphatic duct for decrease risk of their intraoperative damage in surgical treatment of thyroid. Study was done on 213 autopsy. In the injury evaluated size and quantity of retro-thyroid processes and Zuckerkandl tubercles; quantity, shape, size and location of parathyroid; position of recurrent laryngeal nerve and its relationship by trachea-esophagus fissure; relationship of cervical part of thoracic lymphatic duct and variants of its venous channel. In study of neck organ’s complex we determinate that in 48% of cases on posterior surface of thyroid lateral lobes there are different sizes retro-thyroid processes which more seen in upper third level of lateral lobes. There are 2 to 6 parathyroid in 89,3% of cases. There are 5 to 6 parathyroid in 26 % and 25,1%. Recurrent laryngeal nerve lie in the tracheal - esophageal fissure in 121 cases of observation (56,8%) right and in 138 cases of observation (64,8%) left. Extremely to trachea nerve was right in 72 cases (33,8%) and left in 64 cases ( 30,0%). In 18 cases (8,5%) right and 9 cases (4,2%) left nerve was anteriorly to trachea . Topography of cervical part of thoracic duct is variable. It's important for surgeon particularly if operation on thyroid in difficult location. We determinate that in majority of cases on posterior surface of thyroid lateral lobes there are retro-thyroid processes. Better way to search parathyroid in lower part of posterior surface of thyroid lateral lobes. They can be deformed or growth near the lobe in aggressive thyroid tumors. For recurrent laryngeal nerve location better to use of the tracheal - esophageal fissures, and lower edge of the cricoid cartilage. In difficult location of thyroid gland we need to consider variable anatomy of the ductus thoracicus.

^{Understanding the migration processes of various morphological populations of lymphocytes, as well as the} conditions under which this migration can be activated or slowed down, is especially important for interpreting the stability reserves and maintaining homeostasis. The purpose of the study is to comparison of the ratio of the subpopulations of capillary blood lymphocytes in psoriatic papules and in venous blood, depending on their morphology and receptors expression in patients with psoriasis. A clinical and immunological examination of 82 patients aged from 20 to 60 years, suffering from vulgar and exudative psoriasis in progressive and inpatient stages was carried out. Disease duration ranged from 3 months to 10 years. As a control group, 50 practically healthy individuals aged from 20 to 60 years who had no acute chronic diseases or their exacerbations at the time of the survey were examined. On smears of venous blood, and blood obtained from the surface of psoriatic papules (the phenomenon of point bleeding during the psoriatic triad), fixed in a mixture of Nikiforov and stained by Romanowsky-Giemsa, determined the concentration of lymphocytes among other leukocytes. Lymphocytes was differentiated according to the size of the cell, taking into account the size of the cytoplasm: small lymphocytes - up to 8 microns, medium - from 8 to 12 microns, large - more than 12 microns. Venous blood for the study was taken in the morning on an empty stomach. By using the flow cytometer FC-500 Beckman Coulter (USA) was determined the content of L-selectin (CD62L, FITC), LFA-1 (CD11a, FITC), LFA-3 (CD58, FITC), ICAM-1 (CD54, FITC), PECAM -1 (CD31, FITC) on whole blood mononuclears. The results show that the greatest changes were related to the content in the venous blood of large lymphocytes, the level of which was significantly reduced, whereas in psoriatic papule, on the contrary, it was sharply increased. Large lymphocytes are known to be evidence of lymphoproliferation. The inflammatory process is accompanied by lymphoproliferation. On the other hand, statistically significant correlations between concentrations of large lymphocytes and lymphocytes expressing receptors for LFA-1, ICAM-1, LFA-3 and PECAM-1 and the absence of such correlations in the comparison group, may additionally indicate the preferential migration of lymphocytes that have entered lymphoproliferation.

Performing an insulator function, the myelin sheath covers the axial cylinder, which is involved in conducting a nerve impulse. In the course of some research, great attention was paid to the relationship between the of the thickness of myelin sheath of the axon to its diameter and were the statements of contradictory opinions. The purpose of the study is evaluation of the ratio of the thickness of myelin sheath of the axon to its diameter in nervous fibers of the musculocutaneous nerve in the prenatal ontogenesis. The pieces of the musculocutaneous nerve in 6-9 month old fruits a length of 63 mm and a length of 10 mm were got. The principles of the structure of myelinated fiber for all stages of prenatal ontogenesis are the same and in a full-term newborn the growth of common myelinated fiber occurs due to thickening of the myelin sheath and the growth of the axial cylinder. Between of the thickness of the myelin sheath and the diameter of the axial cylinder there is a straight line correlative relationship. In some cases, there are discrepancies in the general pattern: fibers with a thin myelin sheath have axons with large diameters or vice versa. This is a characteristic feature of the fibers in the earlier stages of the process of myelination and associated with preservation of cytoplasmic structures between the layers of lipoprotein plates.